Natural Resources Conservation and Management

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Natural Resources Conservation and Management

• Past, Present, and Future
• Lecture 3 MS LC
• Fort High School

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The Third Wave (1960-1980)

• Conservation movement took off
• Environmental movement found its feet
• Books and essays spurred action
• Earth Day was born!
• Congress responded to citizens with laws
• EPA was established

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Influential Books/Essays from the 60s

• Paul Rachel
  Garret
• Erhlich Carson
  Hardin

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Earth Day April 22

• Gaylord Nelson (from WI!) founded this great
  teach in day in 1970 to halt the accelerated
  pollution and destruction of the environment.

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Decade of the Environment

• 1970-1980
• Congress in response to many upset citizens
• (fear and power people, dont forget it!)
• Made many new laws to protect our resources!

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Air Quality Laws

• Clear Air Act 1970
• Clear Air Act 1977
• Clear Air Act 1990

Setting standards for air pollution Hoping to
improve quality of life for citizens
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Control of Noise Laws

• Noise control Act of 1972
• Quiet Communities Act of 1978

Improve quality of life for people by reducing
stress of listening to industrial noises in
residential areas
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Control of Toxic Substances

• Solid Waste Disposal Act 1976
• Resources Conservation and Recovery Act 1976

• Protecting human health and the environment from
  the potential hazards of waste disposal.
• Conserving energy and natural resources.
• Reducing the amount of waste generated.
• Ensuring that wastes are managed in an
  environmentally-sound manner.

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Energy Laws

• National Energy
• Act of 1978
• (1973 energy crisis)

Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act Energy
Tax Act National Energy Conservation Policy Act
Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use
Act Natural Gas Policy Act
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Land Use Laws

• National Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972

• This Act establishes an extensive federal grant
  program to encourage coastal states to develop
  and implement coastal zone management programs.
• The Act also establishes a national estuarine
  reserve system.

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Land Use Laws

• Forest Reserves Management Act of 1974, 1976

• In developing, maintaining, and revising plans
  for units of the National Forest System, ... the
  Secretary of Agriculture shall assure that such
  plans ... provide for multiple use and sustained
  yield of the products and services obtained
  therefrom ... and, in particular, include
  coordination of outdoor recreation, range,
  timber, watershed, wildlife and fish, and
  wilderness.

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Land Use Laws
Federal Land Policy Management Act of 1976

• Congress recognized the value of the public
  lands, declaring that these lands would remain in
  public ownership.
• Congress used the term "multiple use" management,
  defined as "management of the public lands and
  their various resource values so that they are
  utilized in the combination that will best meet
  the present and future needs of the American
  people."

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Land Use Laws

• National Forest Management Act of 1976

• Called for the management of renewable resources
  on national forest lands.
• The 1976 legislation reorganized and expanded the
  1974 Act, requiring the Secretary of Agriculture
  to assess forest lands, and develop and implement
  a resource management plan for each unit of the
  National Forest System.

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Land Use Laws

• Surface Mining Control
• and Reclamation Act
• of 1977

• SMCRA created two programs
• one for regulating active coal mines and a second
  for reclaiming abandoned mine lands.
• SMCRA also created the Office of Surface Mining,
  an agency within the Department of the Interior,
  to promulgate regulations, to fund state
  regulatory and reclamation efforts, and to ensure
  consistency among state regulatory programs.

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Land Use Laws

• Endangered American Wilderness Act of 1978

• Declaring it "in the national interest," this
  Congressional action also came in response to an
  increasingly critical view of Forest Service
  inventories and management of unprotected
  wildlands.
• the Endangered American Wilderness Act stated,
  "these areas are lands not being adequately
  protected or fully studied for wilderness
  suitability by the agency responsible for their
  administration."
• In all, the Act added 13 new wilderness areas and
  expanded four others in ten western states for a
  total addition of 1.3 million acres of national
  forest lands to the National Wilderness
  Preservation System.

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Water Quality Laws
Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972

• stipulated broad national objectives to restore
  and maintain the chemical, physical, and
  biological integrity of the Nation's waters

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Water Quality Laws

• Safe Drinking Water
• Act of 1972
• established to protect the quality of drinking
  water in the U.S. This law focuses on all waters
  actually or potentially designed for drinking
  use, whether from above ground or underground
  sources

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Water Quality Laws

• Clean Water
• Act of 1977
• This act reorganized the Federal Water Pollution
  Control Act of 1972 and added a major new program
  to control toxic pollutants.

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Water QualityLaws

• Ocean Dumping
• Act of 1972
• It brought under EPA regulation and license the
  dumping of sewage sludge, industrial waste,
  biological agents, medical waste, NBC, and
  radioactive waste, into the territorial waters of
  the United States

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Wildlife Laws

• Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
  Control Act of 1972
• The 1972 amendments established, a program for
  controlling the sale, distribution, and
  application of pesticides through an
  administrative registration process.
• authorized experimental use permits and provided
  for administrative review of registered
  pesticides and for penalties for violations of
  the statute.
• States were authorized to regulate the sale or
  use of any pesticide within a state, provided
  that such regulation does not permit any sale or
  use prohibited by the Act.

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Wildlife Laws

• Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act
  of 1972
• prohibits the dumping of material into the ocean
  that would unreasonably degrade or endanger human
  health or the marine environment.

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Wildlife Laws

• Endangered Species Act of 1973
• authorizes the determination and listing of
  species as endangered and threatened
• prohibits unauthorized taking, possession, sale,
  and transport of endangered species
• provides authority to acquire land for the
  conservation of listed species, using land and
  water conservation funds
• authorizes establishment of cooperative
  agreements and grants-in-aid to States that
  establish and maintain active and adequate
  programs for endangered and threatened wildlife
  and plants
• authorizes the assessment of civil and criminal
  penalties for violating the Act or regulations
  and
• authorizes the payment of rewards to anyone
  furnishing information leading to arrest and
  conviction for any violation of the Act or any
  regulation issued thereunder.

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