Geography

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Geography

• Basic Knowledge Tools

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What is Geography?

• Geography- the study of the earth and everything
  on it, includes
• People
• Places
• Regions
• Cultures
• Technology
• Environments
• As we try to learn about these categories we will
  need to use some tools.

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What do we use to study Geography?

• Maps- drawing of a place or region
• Physical, Political, Special
• Charts- graphic way of presenting information
  clearly
• Graphs- way of presenting relationships between
  two or more things
• Diagrams- way of presenting a large object in
  smaller terms

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What are Maps?

• As we stated earlier, maps are drawings of a
  place or region. There are three types physical,
  political, and special.
• Physical map- shows the physical features of a
  place or region (mountains, valleys, rivers,
  lakes, etc.)
• Political map- shows the political bodies such as
  cities, states, countries, and continents and the
  boundaries between them.
• Special map- shows a specific group of
  information about a place such as population
  density, per capita income, education level,
  climate region, etc.

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Examples
Special
Physical
Political
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How do we use maps?

• Maps have several different parts that help you
  read the information presented.
• Title- this device tells us what the map
  presents.
• It is very useful for special maps!
• Compass Rose- this device tells us the cardinal
  directions (north, south, east, west)
• Scale- this device tells how to convert the
  distance between two or more places.
• Map Key- this device tells us what symbols or
  colors represent on the map.

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Can you understand this legend?
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Age Expectancy
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Latitude and Longitude

• The earth is divided into lots of lines called
  latitude and longitude.

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Lines

• Longitude lines run north and south.
• Latitude lines run east and west.
• The lines measure distances in degrees.

Latitude
Longitude
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Where is 0 degree?

• The equator is 0 degree latitude.
• It is an imaginary belt that runs halfway point
  between the North Pole and the South Pole.

Equator
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Where is 0 degree?

• The prime meridian is 0 degrees longitude. This
  imaginary line runs through the United Kingdom,
  France, Spain, western Africa, and Antarctica.

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Hemispheres

• By using the equator and prime meridian, we can
  divide the world into four hemispheres, north,
  south, east, and west.

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Charts

• Way to present information in an easy to read
  form.
• Most often charts are tables of information
• Common types of charts are distance charts,
  calendars, flow (timeline) and tables.

Example of a Flow Chart
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How do we use charts?
Where in the World was this person born?

• Title- the title tells us what information is on
  the chart. It is usually at the top.
• Columns- these run from the top to the bottom
• Rows- these run from the left to the right
• Columns and rows have headings that tell you what
  the information means in each.

Person Country State City
George Bush
Ghandi
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Graphs

• A graph is a visual way of presenting two or more
  relationships.
• Some common types of graphs are
• Pictograph- pictures are used instead of numbers
• Circle Graph- divides parts of a whole
• Bar Graph- shows how much using the height or
  length of the bars
• Line Graph- shows a comparison over time or
  distance

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Examples of Graphs
Line Graph
Bar Graph
Circle Graph
Pictograph
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Diagrams

• Diagrams are pictures that are labeled so the
  reader can easily learn the parts.
• In geography, we use diagrams to view the inside
  of the earths surface.
• We also use diagrams to look at the solar system,
  plants, animals, and processes.

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Examples of Diagrams