Disaster Management - Perspective Planning

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Disaster Management - Perspective Planning GOI
Initiatives National Institute for Disaster
Management Ministry of Home Affairs, GOI
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The Indian Context

• Area 3.2 m sq. kms.
• States UTs 28 and 7
• Capital Delhi
• Population (2001) One billion
• (25.7
  Decadal G. Rate 21.34
• Sex Ratio 933 /1000
• Literacy rate 65.38
• Coastline gt 8000 Kms.
• Multi agroclimatic
• Multi lingual
• Multi ethnic
• Multi religious

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Hazard Vulnerability in India
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60
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Lessons from Recent Disasters

• Lack of disaster preparedness at all levels.
• Lack of mitigation planning
• Lack of communication networking and
  dissemination of information among states
• Delayed response due to mismanagement of
• relief, resources, manpower and duty
  delegation
• Lack of Interface and Coordination with State,
  District Administration Community
• HUGE LOSS OF LIFE PROPERTY

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Initiatives after IDNDR

• The Reports of the High Powered Committee (HPC)
  and National Committee on Disaster Management
  (chaired by PM) identified wide-ranging issues
  and concerns and over last couple of years GOI
  adopted new approach-
• Shift in focus from reactive response oriented
  action to proactive prevention, preparedness and
  mitigation oriented action. Investments in
  mitigation more cost effective than expenditure
  on relief and rehabilitation .
• Development cannot be sustainable unless disaster
  mitigation is built into development process.

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Initiatives after IDNDR

• Mitigation has to be multi disciplinary spanning
  across all sectors of development.
• Annual targets fixed for various components.
• A National Disaster Management Framework has also
• been drawn up.
• Primary objective is to mainstream disaster risk
  reduction into development process.

• Planning Commission accepted the need for a Safe
  National Development
• A Chapter on Disaster Management incorporated in
  the Tenth Plan document.

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Nodal Ministry Institutional Mechanism

• MHA declared Nodal Ministry for Disaster
  Management except drought vide Notification dated
  27.2.2002
• Effective transfer from 1/6/02
• The Central Relief Commissioner (CRC) in MHA
  nodal officer to coordinate relief operation
  for natural disasters.
• Shift in focus from post disaster response and
  relief to pre-disaster aspects-preparedness,
  mitigation and human resource development
• National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC) under
  Cabinet Secretary has Secretaries of all command
  Ministries as members of NCMC.
• Crisis Management Group (CMG). CRC Chairman of
  CMG with nodal officers from concerned ministries
  as members.

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Institutional Mechanisms in Offing

• National Emergency Management Authority (NEMA)
  set up at the national level with appropriate
  systems and resource linkages.
• States asked to convert Departments of Relief and
  Rehabilitation into Departments of Disaster
  Management with wider Terms of Reference to
  include mitigation and vulnerability reduction-
  11 States change over taken place.
• Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Arunachal Pradesh,
  Uttaranchal, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan,
  Nagaland, Andaman Nicobar Admn, Sikkim and
  Lakshadweep.
• States also asked to set up Disaster Management
  Authorities with the Chief Minister as the Head
  and Ministers of relevant Departments like
  Health, Agriculture, Water Resources, Home, Urban
  Development, PWD as Members. 10 States have
  notified
• Tamilnadu, Orissa, Gujarat Arunachal Pradesh,
  Uttaranchal, Kerala, Nagaland, Delhi, Andaman
  Nicobar Islands and Chandigarh Admn.
• Constitution of District level Disaster
  Management Committees under District Magistrate
  (In 256 districts already constituted).

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Policy

• National Disaster Management Policy drafted,
  Proposes to integrate disaster mitigation into
  developmental planning. Objectives
• - To minimize loss of
  lives and social, private and community
  assets
• - Contribute to sustainable development
• - Better standard of living for all
• - Protect interest of poor and
  vulnerable sections
• States also advised to clearly enunciate a
  Disaster Management PolicyMadhya Pradesh, and
  Gujarat have notified, many in pipeline

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Broad Features of Draft National Policy on DM

• A holistic and proactive approach
• Each Ministry /Deptt. set apart an appropriate
  fund under the plan for specific schemes
  /projects for vulnerability reduction and
  preparedness.
• Each project in hazards prone area will have
• mitigation as an essential TOR.
• Community involvement awareness generation.
• Close interaction between corporate sector,
  NGO,media and Govt.
• SOPs and DM Plans at all level for handling
  specific disasters.
• Contd..

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Broad Features of Draft National Policy on DM

• Institutional structures to be built up and
  development of inter state arrangements for
  sharing of resources during emergencies.
• Culture of Planning and preparedness for
  capacity building.
• Construction designs as per Bureau of standards
  codes.
• All life line buildings e.g.. hospitals, railway
  stations, airport control towers, etc to be
  disaster resistant or retrofitted.
• Revision of Relief Codes in the States and
  develop them into disaster management
  codes/manuals.

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Legal Framework

• Inclusion of Disaster Management in the Seventh
  Schedule of the Constitution
• States advised to adopt Disaster Management
  Acts.- Gujarat and Bihar have enacted the Act ,
  many States in pipeline.
• States advised to change their Relief Codes into
  Disaster Management Codes by including aspects of
  prevention/reduction/mitigation - Guidelines
  prepared by NIDM.

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Financing

• Terms of Reference of the Twelfth Finance
  Commission changed to mandate that the Finance
  Commission looks at the entire disaster
  management cycle and not only relief and
  rehabilitation.
• Memorandum drafted in consultation with States,
  sent to the Finance Commission and includes
  creation of Disaster Mitigation Fund

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Thrust Areas
Pre Disaster Preparedness

• Emergency Operation Centers
• Multi-purpose Cyclone Shelters
• Coastal Shelterbelt Plantation
• National Disaster Information System
• Early Warning System
• 
  Contd

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• Mapping
• Disaster Insurance
• Capacity Building Training Research
• Documentation Data-base Management
• Inventory Equipment Management
• Emergency Services
• Minimum Standards of Relief for people
• with special needs

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During Disaster

• Emergency search rescue
• Disposal of dead bodies and Carcass
• Ex-gratia announcement
• Immediate relief
• Mobile Hospitals

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Post-Disaster After Care

• Restoration of Basic Facilities
• Relief Reconstruction
• Economic Rehabilitation
• Psycho-social Rehabilitation
• Community Mental Health
• Scientific Damage Assessment

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Guidelines issued to all Ministries/ State
Governments-

• Wherever there is a shelf of projects, projects
  addressing mitigation will be given priority.
• At least one Search Rescue Unit comprising one
  coy of Armed Police, one engineering unit and one
  medical unit.
• Ministry of Finance sanction -for procuring
  search rescue equipment for these teams.
• All projects in vulnerable areas must have
  disaster mitigation as a Term of Reference
• States to set up District Control rooms under
  District Magistrates for both law and
  order/disaster management. 602 Emergency
  Operation Centers to be set up in 35 States and
  UT. 125 EOC to be set up under GoI/UNDP Project.

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Response Systems

• A National Steering Committee under the Home
  Secretary to oversee the creation of capabilities
  for emergency response.
• National Emergency Response Force being
  constituted with state-of-the-art training and
  equipments.
• 8 bns being converted to specialist emergency
  teams. 3 training centers identified NISA,
  Hyderabad, ITBP Training centre at Bhanu and CTC,
  Coimbatore. Training of Trainers completed at
  NISA, Hyderabad and ITBP Training Centre, Bhanu.
  Training of teams in progress.
• Well equipped Regional Response Centers being set
  up 12 already identified.

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National Project for strengthening of emergency
and fire services.

• Project finalized to convert Fire Services into
  all hazard response units cost Rs.2457 crores).
• Equipping and training of fire services for
  carrying out search and rescue in all types of
  disasters.
• Filling up deficiencies in the availability of
  fire units as well as rescue equipments at
  sub-divisional and district level.
• Provision of Hazmat vans in selected metropolitan
  cities.
• Planning Commission has given in principle
  clearancebeing posed to MOF

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NBC Emergency Response

• NBC Emergencies out of the 8 bns, 4 bns to be
  trained and equipped for responding to NBC
  emergencies. BARC designated as nodal agency for
  training of trainers in nuclear emergencies. 48
  trainers trained there.
• TOTs for biological/chemical emergencies to be
  carried out at DRDE, Gwalior.
• NISA, Hyderabad and ITBP Training Centre at Bhanu
  also to have faculties for training NBC teams.

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State level initiatives

• Creation of capabilities in States States
  advised to set up specialist response teams.
  Action initiated by Orissa, Gujarat, Maharashtra,
  Delhi.
• Provision made in the CRF that 10 of the funds
  can be used for purchase of search and rescue
  equipments.

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Incident Command System

• In order to professionalize the management of
  response, Incident Command System being
  introduced. LBSNAA identified as the Core
  Training Institution.
• Curriculum and training of trainers being
  undertaken in collaboration with United States
  Forest Service.
• 3 programmes conducted. 42 officers trained in
  Basic and Intermediate ICS course and 29 officers
  trained in Planning Section Module.

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India Disaster Resource Network

• India Disaster Resource Network - Establishment
  of web-enabled, centralized database for quick
  access to resources to minimize response time in
  emergencies for the disaster managers at
  district/State/National level.
• The IDRN is a live system providing for updating
  of inventory every year. Entries into the
  inventory are made at two levels district and
  State level. It has 226 items.
• IDRN inaugurated on 1st September 2003
• 69,329 records in 545 districts uploaded.

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Communications

• National DM Communication Plan prepared for
  implementation. Dedicated Communication System
  for disaster management with built-in
  redundancies.
• Multi Channel Communication System. Links
  include DOT, POLNET, NICNET, ISDN and SPACENET.
• Satellite Communication based on mobile
  voice/data/video communication between national
  EOC/State EOC/ District EOC/Mobile EOC and
  Disaster/Emergency Site.
• Development of a GIS based National Database for
  Disaster Management.

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National Emergency Operation Centre

• Control Room at MHA upgraded to National
  Emergency Operation Centre which is equipped with
  SATPHONES5, GPS5, GIS info system etc-Control
  room personnel trained in use of equipments
• States being assisted to set up Control Rooms at
  the State level GOI-UNDP project.
• 602 EOC in each district in the country being set
  up under GOI-UNDP project.

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Earthquake Mitigation Initiatives

• An Earthquake Mitigation Project drawn up with
  estimated cost of Rs.1132 crores. In principle
  cleared by Planning Commission.
• National Core Group for Earthquake Mitigation
  formed with eminent national experts and resource
  institutions as Members to draw up a strategy for
  mitigation, development of handbooks etc and
  evolve systems for training of municipal
  engineers.
• Working with States in seismic zones III, IV and
  V for
• review of Building Bye-laws,
• Awareness generation and
• training of engineers and masons
• National Programme for Capacity Building in
  Earthquake Mitigation formulated for training of
  10,000 engineers and architects.
• Curriculum for inclusion of earthquake
  engineering aspects drawn up in consultation with
  IIT, Kanpur
• AICTE advised to develop curriculum for inclusion
  of mitigation technologies in technical education
• Steps initiated for examination of the structural
  safety of life-line buildings and public
  utilities from the seismic point of view.
• Micro Zonation undertaken by Department of
  Science Technology.

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Earthquake Mitigation Project

• To cover 116 districts in seismic zones IV and V.
• Putting techno-legal regime in place.
• Capacity building/training of engineers/masons
  etc.
• Awareness through technology demonstration.
• Retrofitting of life line buildings and public
  utilities.
• Formulation of preparedness and response plans.
• Planning Commission has agreed in principle and
  being submitted to MOF

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Accelerated Urban Earthquake Safety

• 38 cities with a population of over half a
  million in seismic zones III, IV and V taken up
  for focused attention as regards earthquake
  mitigation.
• Consultations with all stakeholders organized in
  38 cities.
• Awareness generation programme initiated in all
  cities
• Information, education and communication
  materials developed in local languages
• Review of existing techno-legal regime and its
  compliance initiated
• Training of architects and engineers started in
  association with IITs. 1088 engineers and 825
  architects trained so far.

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Cyclone Monitoring Mitigation Project

• To cover 13 cyclone prone States and UTs cost
  Rs.1050 crores in collaboration with World Bank.
• Strengthening of cyclone tracking and monitoring
  and early warning system.
• Storm surge modeling.
• Preparation of disaster management plans at
  different levels.
• Conservation and regeneration of mangrove forest
  coastal shelter belt plantation.
• Construction of saline embankments and cyclone
  shelters.
• (Approved by Government)

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Initiatives by NIDM

• In keeping with NIDMs envisaged role of a
  leading Centre of Excellence in disaster risk
  mitigation and management in India and the
  region. Visioning exercise in process.
• NIDM is presently providing guidelines for
  converting the States Relief Manuals/Codes into
  Disaster Management Manuals/Codes
• To make training need based, a nationwide TNA is
  being conducted. First draft of HR Plan prepared
  and submitted.
• NIDM is preparing training modules of various
  line Departments keeping their job
  responsibilities. 11 modules already prepared.
• NIDM has undertaken capacity building of State
  ATIs.

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Capacity Building Initiative

• Youth Organizations and Student Bodies like
  NCC/NSS/ Scouts Guides to be provided training
  in Emergency Response and Awareness Generation
• Media professionals to be sensitized and
  encouraged to integrate DM components in
  different programmes for public awareness.
• AICTE to include disaster mitigation
  technologies in engineering courses.
• IITs have taken up an orientation for
  lecturers/professors in engineering colleges in
  disaster mitigation technologies.
• Disaster Management introduced in CBSE School
  curriculum of classes 8th, 9th and 10th.
• States advised to include Disaster Management in
  school curriculum.
• MHA prepared set of resource materials developed
  by various organizations / institutions to be
  replicated and disseminated by State Governments
  based on their vulnerabilities.

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Multi-hazard Preparedness and Response Planning-
Community Approach

• All hazard-prone areas to have community-based
  disaster preparedness plansDisaster Management
  Committees DMCs, Disaster Management Teams
  DMTs and Volunteer Task Forces VTFs
• Roles and responsibilities to be defined in the
  DM Acts/Codes
• Regular training and drills organized through
  local-self Governments
• Preparation of inventory of local resources and
  their management

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National Emergency Management Authority (NEMA)

• Major components include constitution of corpus
  fund for NEMA
• 8 Battalions to be fully trained and equipped, 4
  each in natural and NBC disasters
• Air mobility by purchase of one large aircraft
  and 3 MI 17 helicopters
• Setting up of 3 mobile hospitals
• Strengthening of Civil Defence - to play a
  crucial role in disaster situations.

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National Emergency Response Force

• 8 Battalions to form a National Emergency
  Response Force
• Civil Defense to be adequately strengthened
• DG(CD) to be re-designated as DG (NERF CD)
• DG (NERF CD) to be in-charge of NERF as well as
  Civil Defense

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Opportunities for International Cooperation

• In developing framework for vulnerability
  reduction and natural disaster mitigation.
• Collaborative training and capacity building on
  disaster management
• Deployment of rapid response and assessment teams
  on request.
• Institutional capacity building for host country
  -education, academic and training institutions

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Thank You