Judaism, Christianity,

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Judaism, Christianity, Islam
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Brief History

• Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded
  Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism
  is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths
  (religions with one God).
• Christianity - Founded by Jesus Christ, who was
  crucified around A.D. 33 in Palestine in the city
  of Jerusalem. It was after his death when his
  followers came to believe in him as the Christ,
  the Messiah.
• Islam - Founded in Arabia by Muhammad in A.D. 622.

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4000550 BC
Abrahams Genealogy
All 3 Religions are linked by AbrahamHe is the
patriarch of all 3

• Islam-Quran

• Judaism-Torah

ABRAHAM
SARAH
HAGAR
Ishmael
Isaac
Esau
Jacob/Israel
12 Arabian Tribes
Mecca (Muslims)

• Muhammad (the last prophet)
• Quran and the Five Pillars of Islam

12 Tribes of Israel

• Other 10 tribes-(Israelites) (Hebrews)

• 2 Tribes - (Jews) of Judah
• Jesus Christ (son of God)
• The Hebrew Bible - Old Testament in the Christian
  Bible

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Judaism Briefly

• Judaism is over 3000 years old and is the oldest
  of the world's monotheistic religions (religions
  with only one God). It's also the smallest, with
  only about 14 million (7th) followers around the
  world.
• Its holy city is Jerusalem.

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Judaism Beliefs

• Jews believe that there is a single God (Yahweh)
  who not only created the universe, but with whom
  every Jew can have an individual and personal
  relationship.
• They await the Messiah, who will be an earthly
  king. They believe in heaven, but that God
  determines where they go after life on earth.
• Ten Commandments is the basic code of law.

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Judaism Holy Book

• The most holy Jewish book is the Torah (the first
  five books of the Christian Bible). Others
  include Judaism's oral tradition, the written
  form of which is known as the Talmud.
• The Torah (scroll of teachings) contains the five
  books revealed to Moses by God on Mount Sinai.
• Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and
  Deuteronomy

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Judaism Place of Worship

• Jews worship in Synagogues or temples. Men and
  women usually sit separately.
• Worship is led by a Rabbi.
• Saturday (begins at sundown on Friday) is time
  for worship.

Stamford Hill, London
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The Temple

• According to the Bible, the First Temple for
  Jewish worship was built around 900-1000 BCE and
  destroyed by Babylonians in 586 BCE.
• The Jews were then sent out of Canaan, but
  returned after 50 years in exile.
• A Diaspora occurs when a group of people leave
  their homeland and move to many different
  locations separately.
• All of the worlds Jewish communities today that
  do not live in present-day Israel are part of the
  Jewish Diaspora.

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The Temple

• A new temple was finished 70 years later on the
  site of the First Temple, but was badly
  plundered by invading Romans about 54 BCE.
• King Herod, a Jew, ruled Judea for the Romans.
  Under him the second temple was rebuilt in 20
  BCE.
• When the Romans attacked Jerusalem again in 70
  CE(AD), they destroyed Herods temple.
• Today, the single remaining temple wall, the
  Western Wall, is a place of prayer for Jewish
  pilgrims.
• Jews moved away from the land again, until the
  modern state of Israel was formed in the late
  1940s.

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Judaism Map!

• Judaism in 1500 C.E.

• Judaism Today

Today, located in Israel and U.S.
In 1500, located in Europe and Middle East
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Christianity briefly

• Christianity is the world's largest religion,
  with about 2.2 billion followers worldwide. It is
  based on the teachings of Jesus Christ who lived
  in the Holy Land 2,000 years ago.

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Christianity Beliefs

• Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the Son
  of God
• God sent his Son to earth to save humanity from
  the consequences of its sins
• Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after
  his Crucifixion (the Resurrection)
• Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah
  promised in the Old Testament
• Christians believe that there is only one God,
  but that this one God consists of 3 "persons-God
  the Father, God the Son, God the Holy
  Ghost--Trinity
• Christians believe that God made the world.

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Christianity Beliefs

• Christians believe that they can have a personal
  relationship with God, and that they are saved by
  faith, and good works.
• They believe in heaven and hell.
• They believe that the Bible is the inspired word
  of God.

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Christians Holy Book

• The Bible is the Christian holy book. It is
  divided into the Old and New Testaments. Parts of
  the writing contained in the Old Testament are
  also sacred to Jewish and Muslim people.

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Christian Place of Worship

• The Christian place of worship is called a
  Church, which are built in the shape of a cross
  with the altar facing east towards the rising
  sun. Services are led by a priest, pastor or
  reverend.
• Day of worship is normally Sunday.

Westminster Abbey London
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Christian Sects

• Roman Catholicism vs. Eastern Orthodox-Christian
  Church divided when the Roman Empire was divided
  and then fell. Orthodox Christians do not
  recognize the authority of the Pope.
• Catholicism vs. Protestantism-as a result of the
  Reformation, Protestant sects broke with the
  Catholic Church and established their own
  separate churches.

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Christianity Map!

• Christianity 1500 C.E.

• Christianity Today

In 1500, located in Europe and Middle East
Today, located in Americas and Europe
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Islam Briefly

• Islam is the second most popular religion in the
  world with 1.3 billion followers. Islam began in
  Arabia and was revealed to humanity by the
  Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Those who
  follow Islam are called Muslims. Muslims believe
  that there is only one God, called Allah, who
  speaks Arabic.

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Islam Holy Book

• The Muslim scripture is the Holy Qur'an. It is
  'the word of God'. Muslim beliefs and practices
  are rooted in the Qur'an.
• Muslims treat the Qur'an with great respect
  because they believe that the Qur'an is from
  Allah, and every word and every letter is sacred.
• Muslims regard the Qur'an as the unaltered word
  of God.

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Islam Place of Worship

• The Muslim building for communal worship is
  called a Mosque. The word comes from the Arabic
  for "place of prostration".
• Worshippers are called to prayer 5 times a day
  from minarets towers on the mosque corners.
• They contain only designs, no people or animals
  or furniture.
• Normal day of worship is Friday.
• Religious leaders are called imams.

Grand mosque in Mecca
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Five Pillars Belief system/law code

• Shahadah declaration of faith "I bear witness
  that there is no god, but God I bear witness
  that Muhammad is the prophet of God." By reciting
  this, one enters Islamic faith.
• Salah Pray 5 times a day facing MeccaMuslims
  are required to pray five times a day, washing
  themselves before prayer and facing in the
  direction of Mecca while praying.
• Zakat Give a fixed proportion to charity
  Muslims are required to give away a percentage
  of their earnings to those less fortunate,
  regardless of their religion.
• Saum Fast during the month of RamadanMuslims
  fast for one lunar month each year, a period
  called Ramadan. During this time, Muslims reflect
  on their behavior and strive to purify their
  thoughts.
• Hajj Make a pilgrimage to MeccaIf it is
  financially possible, Muslims are required to
  travel to Mecca once in their lifetime.

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The Hajj

• HijjaThe month of pilgrimage during which all
  Muslims, at least once in their life, should try
  to make the pilgrimage to Mecca and worship at
  the Kaaba

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Muslim Sects

• Sunni-the majority
• Shia-the minority
• The split rose from an early dispute over who
  should be the leader of Islam after the death of
  Muhammad. The Sunnis argued that the successor
  should be appointed by election and consensus, as
  tradition dictated. (Sunni comes from the Arabic
  word Sunna , meaning tradition.) The Shia
  believed that Muhammad's successors should come
  from his family, starting with Ali, his
  son-in-law. These, the partisans of Ali, were
  named from the word Shia , meaning partisan in
  Arabic.

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Islam Map!

• Islam in 1500 C.E.

• Islam Today

In 1500, located in Middle East, Africa, and
Southern Europe
Today, located in Middle East, Africa, and Asia
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View of Fellow Abrahamic Religions

• Judaism Islam and Christianity are false
  interpretations and extensions of Judaism.
• Christianity Judaism is a true religion, but
  with incomplete revelation. Islam is a false
  religion.
• Islam Jews and Christians are respected as
  fellow believers, but with wrong beliefs and only
  partial revelation.