Bellringer

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Bellringer

• Complete a point of view analysis of

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1950s Presidents
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• Compare and contrast Truman and Eisenhowers
  policies.
• Domestic policy
• Foreign policy
• Examples China/Taiwan, Iran

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Truman Similarities Eisenhower

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Truman
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Elections

• 1948 Truman v. Dewey v. Thurmond
• Truman-- Whistlestop campaign country wide
  train campaign against do nothing congress
• Thurmond Dixiecrat (anti-civil rights, pro
  statesrights)
• Thomas Dewey Republican (gov. of NY)

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Fair Deal

• Min. Wage
• Soc. Sec.
• Clear Slums
• Low Income Homes
• TVA
• But lost on
• Civil Rights
• Natl Health Ins.
• Repeal of Tariff
• Fed aid to Education
• Farm Incomes

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Containment

• Stalin installed communist governments in
  countries of Eastern Europe
• Satellite nations countries dominated by the
  USSR
• War was inevitable?
• US moves to contain the Soviet threat
• George Kennan proposed policy of containment
• Prevent the extension of communism to other
  countries

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Cold War

• US v. USSR neither nation confronted the other
  on the battlefield
• Dominated global affairs from 1945-1991
• Truman Doctrine
• The US will support free peoples who are
  resisting attempted subjugation by armed
  minorities or by outside pressures
• US spends 400 million in aid to Greece and
  Turkey
• Prevent communist take over
• National Security Act 1947
• Set up Dept of Defense, CIA (keep draft)

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National Defense Budget 1940-1964
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Marshall Plan

• Sec. of State George Marshall
• US provides aid to all European nations that
  needed it
• Revived European hopes
• 16 countries received 13 billion in aid
• Communist party lost its appeal to voters in
  Western Europe

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Germany?

• Issue of German reunification
• Germany was divided into four zones after WW2
• US, UK, and France combined their zones in 1948
• USSR held East Germany
• City of Berlin was split into the two zones
• Western Berlin was occupied by Allies, but
  surrounded by Soviet territory
• Stalin closed off routes into West Berlin

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Berlin Airlift

• No fuel or food could reach W. Berlin
• US and UK flew food and supplies to Berlin
• W. Berlin survived
• USSR lifted blockade and US prestige
• was raised

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NATO

• 12 nations signed the North Atlantic Treaty
  Organization
• Pledged military support
• First time US entered a military alliance during
  peacetime
• NO isolationism for US!
• Soviets respond with Warsaw Pact

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Eisenhower
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Elections

• 1952 - Eisenhower (R) v. Stevenson (D)
• Eisenhower middle of the road approach
• Pledged to personally go to Korea to end war
• Nixons checkers speech

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Eisenhower

• TV commercialized campaign
• Modern Republicanism middle road
• Conservative with money
• Liberal with people
• Raised minimum wage, extended Soc. Sec., public
  housing, etc.

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Nuclear Arms Race

• Began during Trumans Presidency
• Soviets exploded atomic bomb in 1949
• US entered into race for Hydrogen Bomb
• Even more destructive immoral?
• US explodes H-Bomb in 1952
• Soviets exploded H-Bomb 1953

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Brinkmanship

• John Foster Dulles Ikes Secretary of State
• ANTI-COMMUNIST
• A moral crusade against communism
• Brinkmanship willingness to go to the edge of
  all-out war
• US trimmed army and navy to focus on its air
  force
• Built up nuclear weapons

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Cold War Spreads

• CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)
• Collected information spies
• Covert operations
• Iran
• Prime Minister Mossadegh nationalized oil fields
• CIA helped the Shah of Iran return to power
• Turned oil fields back over to Western companies
• Guatemala
• CIA took covert action to change the govt.

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Cold War Spreads

• Geneva Summit
• open skies proposal allow flights
• Soviets reject it, but its a step towards peace
• Suez War
• Nasser looking for aid for dam on Nile
• Asked US/Britain, then USSR
• US withdraws offer
• Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal
• Israel, Britain, and France sent troops
• UN defused situation

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Eisenhower Doctrine

• Eisenhowers Warning
• US would defend the Middle East against communist
  attack

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Hungarian Uprising

• Soviets had dominated Hungary
• Hungarians revolted in 1956 Democracy!
• Soviets brutally responded and put down rebellion
• US did nothing Hungary was a satellite