Develop India

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Because of Poverty, Slow Development, Corruption,
Disorder etc in Kerala India, I searched for a
good model for FAST Socio-economic Development
Not accurate But the only map found
Slides advance on Mause click
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Many may think this is an old story!

• In August 2007, Dr. Arjun Sengupta Committee
  reported that 836 million Indians over 77
  percent - are poor and vulnerable surviving on a
  daily average expenditure of under Rs. 20 a
  day(The Hindu newspaper from 811 June 2008)
• http//www.hindu.com/nic/mani_stanford.htm
• 14 Jul 2010 - Indian states Bihar, Chhattisgarh,
  Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan,
  Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal have 421 million
  "poor" people, a UN sponsored study found. This
  is more than the 410 million poor in the poorest
  26 African countries. This is measured by a new
  Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).
• http//www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jul/14/pover
  ty-india-africa-oxford
• On 15 Jun 2011 a survey by TrustLaw, a UK-based
  Foundation revealed
• That India is the fourth most dangerous country
  for women after
• Afganistan, Congo and Pakistan. All the above are
  a shame for
• the Indian legislatures who managed India all
  these yeras.
• http//ibnlive.in.com/news/india-4th-most-dangerou
  s-place-for-women-survey/159395-3.html

Many documents can be added to prove the very bad
state of India! But any observant Indian knows
these very well!
PPP, Text Concept by Abraham Karammel
goldpen100_at_gmail.com
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Two Super Models of FAST Development

• Singapore is worlds most successful City for
  more than 25 years. It developed from 3rd world
  to 1st in about 25 years, thru authoritative,
  disciplining and restrictive democracy by highly
  talented technocrats this is called
  Meritocracy it is a type of benevolent
  autocracy. It also had unique circumstances and
  exceptional personalities behind its success!
• Porto Alegre is Brazils city with the best
  quality of life since 2001.
• This city was bankrupt in 1988, spending 96 of
  revenue for
• salaries and routine expenses. To resolve this
  crisis, the city
• started Participatory Budgeting (PB) in 1989.
  This PB evolved into
• worlds most efficient systematic
  socio-economic development process, now famous as
  Porto Alegre Innovation. This PB process
• is suitable for villages/towns/cities of
  developing and developed countries.
• Because of its great merits, Participatory
  Budgeting is adapted in about 300 local
  Governments in Brazil and in about 40 countries
  including Argentina, Chile, China, Mexico,
  Paraguay, Canada, England, France, Germany,
  Italy, Spain, USA etc.
• Why Singapore Porto Alegre? These are two
  super-models from recent
• history that any one can trace. Porto Alegre is a
  much researched
• model of our times.

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Achievements of Singapore 1. Worlds highest
Industrial productivity 62,100 (2012) 2. Very
high per capita income about 60,000 (2012) 3.
Worlds top clean city a garden city for
several years 4. Singapore Airlines Airport -
worlds best/top many times 5. Singapore worlds
2nd busiest port can handle 700 ships at a
time 6. Worlds best housing policy - 80 people
own their home (2010) 7. Worlds highest
millionaire density of 1 in 6 (2012) 8. Excellent
transportation system - only big city without
traffic jams 9. 160 km express highways 160 km
metro 3426 km roads (2012) 10. Very efficient
Water, Electricity and Telecom systems 11. Very
efficient Healthcare System with only 3.5 of
GDP 12. Worlds lowest Infant Mortality 1.8/1000
(2012) 13. Very efficient Education System
worlds best in Maths Science 14. Very few
strikes protests unemployment rate 2
(2010) 15. Worlds largest Oil Rig 3rd Oil
Refining industry 16. Very high political
stability PAP vote share 86 to 60
(1968-2011) 17. Foreign Currency reserve 2013
273 Billion (India 293 Billion) 18. One of the
worlds 10 least corrupt countries for over 10
years 19. Worlds top tourist shopping city
over 14 million tourists in 2012 20. Rated as
Worlds best managed City for 2004 21. Worlds
most business friendly city for 20 years 21. Top
in export - 410 billion in 2012 (India 313
billion) (German Exports in 2012 1,493
billions) (Singapore area 716 sq.km Population
density ca. 7, 500/sq. km in 2013)
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State-of-the-Art Transportation System
Express Highways 160 km Metro 160 km 70 km
under construction Major Roads 604 km and Other
roads 2508 km (2013)
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Singapore is a World Tourist Destination 'Santosa'
its Entertainment Island
Mono-rail and Ropeways in Tourist Island Santosa
Singapores new landmark (2012) Gardens by the
Bay http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardens_by_the_Ba
y A 101 hectar (200 football fields) large
wonderful garden
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Beautiful Lieasure Areas
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'Twinkle, Twinkle, Singapore, Like Many Diamonds
in the Sea'
Tourist s in 2012 over 14 million
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The Secret of Singapores Success Mr. Lee Kuan
Yew founded Peoples Action Party (PAP) in
1954 Became the 1st PM in 1959 was chosen
repeatedly as PM until 1990 Declined to be PM in
1991 was Senior Minister from 1991 to 2004
Mr. Lee was placed as Minister Mentor in Aug
2004 (Probably worlds longest serving minister
and only Mentor Minister Till 14 May
2011!) Right Mr. Lees book From Third World to
First
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• Mr. Lee Kuan Yew the 1st PM of Singapore is a
  Double 1st Class
• Cambridge Law Graduate Very knowledgeable, great
  orator Visionary
• In 1960s, during political struggle, he started
  planting trees in the city!
• On a friends tip, he imported fishing rods for
  the poor to catch fish for food!!
• In 1994 he linked ministers salaries to that of
  8 top earners in 6 top professions,
• to attract best brains to politics be clean! It
  was fixed at 2/3 the median earnings
• of lawyers, accountants, bankers, MNC CEOs, local
  Company CEOs and engineers.
• In 2008 Singapore PMs revised salary was S3,09
  mil. or US 2.04 mil. per year!
• In 2011 PMs salary was reduced by 36 to S2.2
  mil. (US 1.9 Mil.)Bonus!
• Salary now linked to 1000 top earnings of
  Singapore citizens Isnt it SMART?
• US President gets only 400,000, UK PM 375,222
  French President 346,000!!
• Important advice of Mr. Lee Kuan Yew
• The important personality traits of his CEOs
• 1. Analytical Thinking, 2. Logical understanding
  of Cause and Effect,
• 3. Concentration to the Point/Target, and 4.
  Imagination (known as Helicopter Qualities)

Mr. Lee influenced almost everything in Singapore!
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Criticisms on Singapore Very Authoritative
rule No real democracy No freedom of
opinion Highly censored press Very short lead
time for elections Compulsory voting those do
not vote lose the right Singapore is a
fine-city (penalty-city) Very harsh
punishments Death penalty for drug smuggling
Kidnapping Country with the highest death penalty
rate Too high salaries of Singapore
Ministers PMs salary as reduced in 2011 S2.2
million (US1.7 mil.) /year Because of the
above, the uniqueness of Singapore etc, its
political system is not practical in
Kerala/India But Singapores Institutionalisation
is worth copying!!
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Singapors Meritocracy is excellent for High
Quality Institutionalisation! But, Singapores
Authoritarian Rule Is almost impossible in
Kerala/India!!Therefore, I searched further

• I read about Porto Alegre Innovation
• in Participatory Budgeting and collected details!
• 1. It is a process for Infrastructure Development
  alone
• 2. It is a Ward-wise Decentralised Budgeting
  Process
• 3. It is a Grass-roots upwards process
• 4. The yearly cyclic process evaluates, corrects
  and adjusts
• 5. The process continuously improves in
  efficiency
• 6. It resolved Bankruptcy of the city in SIX
  YEARS
• 7. It made Porto Alegre, Brazils city with the
  best quality of life
• in 12 years (1989-2001)!

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The Brazilian city Porto Alegre proved
that Another World is Possible Fairer more
Equitable
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• Porto Alegres Development
• In 12 Years 1989-2001
• (Yearly spending only 3 to 15 of City Budget for
  Infrastructure)
• Pipe Water from 40 to 99 households
• Sanitation improved from 46 to 85
• Sewerage from 46 to 90
• Public schools increased from 29 to 86
• School Enrolment doubled (200) Literacy to 98
• 25-30 km Surfaced roads each year
• Day-care homes increased from 2 to 120
• Public Housing from 1700 to 29,000 persons
• Established very efficient Public Transportation
• Tax collection improved and bankruptcy resolved
• Corruption virtually disappeared
• Citizen participation in PB process increased
  from
• 700 in 1989 to 50,000 in 2001
• Rated as Brazils city with the highest quality
  of life

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Porto Alegres Innovative Participatory Budgeting
(PB) process

• The 497 sq. km city was divided into 16 wards.
  Many pre-planned minor discussion meetings and
  two major assemblies of the residents are held in
  each ward, from March thru July every year.
• 12 infrastructure ward themes selected by
  experts 1. education, 2. health,
• 3. housing, 4. sewage, 5. social assistance, 6.
  transportation circulation, 7. pavement, 8.
  city organisation, 9. leisure areas, 10. sports
  leisure, 11. economic development, and 12.
  culture. Additional 5 Infrastructure themes
• for City-wide consideration C1. Transportation
  Circulation C2. Education, Leisure Culture
  C3. Health Social Welfare C4. Economic
  Development Taxation and C5. City Organisation
  Urban Development.
• 3. Residents of each ward vote to select
  prioritise three Infrastructures urgently needed
  in each ward, from the 12 above.
• 4. The residents also elect two PB Councillors
  and two alternates from each ward and for each
  city-wide theme for one year. Participatory
  Budgeting Council (PBC) of 42 members is the most
  important organ in PB.
• 5. Infrastructures voted by residents are
  equitably shared among the wards, based on the
  population of the ward, the weight assigned to
  the relevant infrastructure, the volume of the
  infrastructure in the ward and the priority
  voted.
• 6. PBC negotiates with Mayors executives the
  city councillors, the adoption of priorities,
  implementation of projects and oversees them too.
• 7. Directly elected Mayer and his executives,
  separately elected City Council, and the
  Participatory Budgeting Council three teams -
  work together.
• (See graphics of the process on the following
  slides)

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• In 12 years, Porto Alegre became the City
• with the best Quality of Life in Brazil
• Based on 15 factors
• Housing, 2. Sanitation,
• 3. Life Expectancy,
• 4. Infant Mortality, 5. Hospital Beds,
• 6. Literacy, 7. School enrolment,
• 8. Standard of Higher Education,
• 9. Job Availability, 10. Catering Facilities,
• 11. Per Capita Consumption,
• 12. Highways, 13. Airports,
• 14. Climate, and 15. Criminality

A very detailed study of Porto Alegre Innovation
is at http//decwatch.wordpress.com/2011/08/19/po
rto-alegre-innovation-in-participatory-budgeting/
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(No Transcript)
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4. Balancing of Priorities and Budget
Finalisation (PBC, Mayor's Experts City Council)
3. Election of PB Councillors (In 1st 2nd Major
meetings)
5. Publication of PB Investment Plan (By experts
PBC)
Yearly Cycle
2. Discussions Prioritisation of Inf. Str. thru
voting by Residents (5 Months Process)
6. Monitored Implementation of PB (by Experts
PB Council)
1. Evaluation of PB Implementation, Assessment
of Infrastructure (By experts PBC)
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4. Balancing of Priorities and Budget
Finalisation (PBC, Experts City Council)
3. Election of PB Councillors (In 1st 2nd Major
meetings)
5. Publication of PB Investment Plan (By experts
PBC)
Continuous Improvemnt
Year after year
2. Discussions Prioritisation of Inf. Str. by
Residents (5 Months Process)
6. Monitored Implementation of PB Plan (by
Experts PB Council)
1. Evaluation of PB Implementation
Infrastructure Assessment (By experts PBC)
1989 1995 2000 2006
Cumulative Gains
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A PB Voting!
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Common People did it!
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In 12 years, a 'bankrupt' Porto Alegre
became Brazil's City with the Best Quality of
Life
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Porto Alegre - aerial view
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Porto Alegre - aerial view
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Porto Alegre - aerial view
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Singapore was developed from the TOP in 25
years by Mr. Lee and his colleagues.
Porto Alegre is developed by Residents from the
BOTTOM in 12 years thru a very efficient
systematic process
Decentralisation up to the wards is the key in
both cities
Kerala and India need elements of BOTH for a
FASTER development
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Socio-economic Problems

• When socio-economy is NOT managed well,
• Unemployment, Poverty, Diseases, Suicides,
  Homicides,
• Destitution, Migration etc become acute!?
• Then, every action to solve them
• Should be very careful, deliberte, and balanced.
• Success models should be adapted to save time,
  effort and errors!
• Copying is the easiest, quickest, most economical
• And a very efficient way of doing things!
• Computers, cars, Jumbo-jets and human beings are
  copies.
• Copies can be even better than the original or
  worse!!
• Decisive points in copying 1. Essential
  Adaptations should be made
• to make it feasible in a different situation
• and 2. Important Elements should not be dropped
  out at all
• Today, for about 95 percent of the problems in
  the world,
• several solutions are available somewhere!!

Photos Curtsy, Singapore Tourism Board, Goethe
Institute Porto Alegre, Ms. Leia B.
Bagesteira PPP, Text Concept by Abraham
Karammel goldpen100_at_gmail.com
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Two Success Stories Both highlight Effective
Local Involvement

• Indian State Andhra Pradesh shows the way Social
  audits in Andhra Pradesh covering 12 million
  people is a brilliant example of civil society
  action enriching mainstream politics
• Political support has, of course, been a
  necessary but by no means sufficient condition.
  Two other novel features have turned the tide.
  One, the use of Information Technology (IT) and
  the other, the role of civil society. All stages
  of NREGA work, from registration of workers to
  issue of job cards, preparation of work
  estimates, muster rolls and payments to workers
  have been computerised. With strong
  administrative backing and robust social audit,
  this IT system frees information from the
  shackles of power and privileged access.
• (From Article by Mihir Shah Pramathesh Ambasta
  The Hindu 2008.09.08)
• http//www.hindu.com/2008/09/08/stories/2008090856
  271000.htm

A mission thats possible Community-based
monitoring has laid bare the inadequacies of the
primary health care system in Indian State
Maharashtra The National Rural Health Mission
(NRHM) was introduced in 2005 to improve health
care in poor areas with an enhanced funding
mechanism. More than the mission itself, it is
the community-based monitoring component
introduced in Maharashtra in April 2007, which
has emerged as a means of correcting
institutionalised deficiencies. (From Article
by Meena Menon - The Hindu 2008.09.11) http//w
ww.hindu.com/2008/09/11/stories/2008091155361100.h
tm
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4 Model Indian Panchayats

• Religan Siddhi (Maharashtra) - Sri. Anna Hazare
• Area 982.3 hector. No. of Households 394 in
  2001 Population 2306 (Two thousand three
  hundred six)
• The small draught ridden village had poverty,
  unemployment, alcoholism etc. Many residents
  deserted it for jobs. In 1975 Anna Hazare, a
  retired Indian Army driver, started dedicated
  developmental work in the village.
• Five principles (Panchasuthri) adopted by Anna
  Hazare 1.1. Voluntary Free Labour,
• 1.2. Family Planning, 1.3. Ban on Tree Cutting,
  1.4. Ban on Liquor, and 1.5. Ban on open free
  Grazing.
• In a few years, the village became self
  sufficient and a model for Indian villages.
• Maharashtra govt started a project of 300 model
  villages with Sri Anna Hazare/Popet Pawar as
  project officers. 100 villages were selected and
  work started. Lately, the state govt stopped
  funding it.
• Status in 2007 Infant Mortality 27.42/1000
  High School Completion 85
• Sri. Anna Hazare has been honored by 20 National
  International awards.
• http//www.annahazare.org/ralegan-siddhi.html -
  Anna Hazare org
• http//www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Rural/Ralegan.h
  tm - Good brief article
• 2. Hiware Bazar (Maharashtra) Sri. Popat Pawar
• (1st Successful copy of Relegan Siddhi)
• No. of Households in 1990-95180 Below Poverty
  Line (BPL) 168 (93)
• No. of BPL households during 2002-2010 11 out of
  210.
• Per capita income Rs. 832 (1994) Rs. 24,893
  (2007) Increase 30 times!
• This village had the same problems as Relegan
  Siddhi. In 1994 Popat Pawar, an M.Com graduate
  persuaded by residents, stood for and won
  Panchayat President election. He started
  dedicated developmental work copying Relegan
  Siddhi. In a few years Hiware Bazar superseded
  Religan Sidhi in development.
• (Continued on next slide)

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4 Model Indian Panchayats (continued)
3. Kuthambakkam (Tamil Nadu) - Sri. Elango
Rangaswami Area 36 square kilometers about 700
acres of wetland and 1100 acres of dry land. 
PROBLEMS .1. Illicit arrack brewing and easy
illicit liquor, 2. Caste clashes between dalits
and non dalits, 3. Inadequate safe drinking
water, drainage and internal roads, 4. No regular
income due to unemployment 5. No assurance to
food, and 6. Violence against women and children
existed. In 1996, Sri. Elango Rangaswamy, an
M.Tech. graduate became the President He started
dedicated developmental work as below 1.
Eradication of illicit arrack liquor trade, 2.
Low cost mud-block housing scheme, 3. Roads and
street lighting, 4. Rain water harvesting and
water supply 5. Self-help Groups (SHGs), 6.
Literacy and Education 7. Employment Generation
thru small scale rural industries And 8.
Information Centre and Computer Education
Centre Mr. Elango organized a cluster of villages
for mutual help and cooperation. The cluster
managed to produce about 80 of their
requirements. FINALLY, the Panchayat set up an
institute to train local self-government
administrators (like Keralas KILA) (See Week Man
of the Year 2013 http//week.manoramaonline.com/c
gi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/theWeekSectionView.d
o?programId1073755753tabId13BV_ID_at__at__at_category
Id-210801)
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4 Model Indian Panchayats (continued)
4. Adat (Trissur district, Kerala) - Sri. Anil
Akkara Area 23.02 sq. km. Wards 18
Population 23441 Density 1018 Literacy 92.7
(2001) 1. Won 8 times the Swaraj trophy for best
Grama Panchayat. 2. Won 3rd place in Green
Kerala Express Social Reality Show competition
in 2010 for its Bio-village (Jaivagramaam)
project. 3. Got national Nirmal award for full
sanitation. 4. National award for groundwater
amplification through rain harvesting. 5.
Puzhakal River of Adat was cleaned, and Kashmiri
shikara boats and other boats await tourists
under the village tourism project. 6. Implemented
the Universal Health Insurance Scheme of the
Union government. About 3,500 BPL families and
1,000 APL families are under the scheme and won
the first Health Security Panchayat Award in the
State. 7. Switched to organic farming preventing
contamination of 3,000 acres of Kol wetlands.
Earlier, these fields annually consumed 1.5 tones
of highly toxic Furadan pesticide. Acquired
geographical Indication patent for Adat Rice. The
Panchayat sells about 20 tones of Adat Rice and
over 3,000 kg of Kerasree organic Coconut Oil
every month. --------------------------------
---------- Malayalam Video-Clips on Adat from
Green Kerala Express Social Reality Show
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vmzlxH4s6nas
-Episode-1-1http//www.youtube.com/watch?vDQuGxV
IgG9g-Episode-99-1 (Please WATCH the follow on
EPISODES on RIGHT HAND SIDE in YouTube)
Adat Panchayat in news http//www.thehindu.com/to
days-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/adat-panchayat-sh
ows-the-way/article4636058.ece
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The Mellennium Development Goals (MDG)

• Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• Achieve universal primery education
• Promote gender equality and empower women
• Reduce child mortality rate
• Improve maternal health
• Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
• Ensure environmental sustainability
• Develop global partnership for development
• The UN reviewed the MDGs progress in September
  2010
• And found that the MDG will not be met in 2015!?
• What can be done?
• Porto Alegres Innovative PB has PROVED that
• It is the BEST process for FAST Socio-economic
  Development!
• If Innovative PB is Adapted in more countries,
• it will change the world!

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World Social Forum 2001-03 2005 Porto Alegre,
Brazil
'Another World is Possible'
World Social Forum 2004 Mumbai, India
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Simple how beautiful!
What is the SECRET of BEAUTY or SUCCESS?!
They have MANY SECRETS