Flat Panel Displays

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Flat Panel Displays
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Agenda
Flat Panel Displays

• Introduction
• FPD in general
• FED
• OLED
• PLED
• SED
• Conclusions

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Flat Panel Displays
Flat Panel Displays

• Volatile
• Pixels are periodically refreshed to retain
  their state
• Refresh many times a second
• Otherwise image will fade from the screen
• Plasma, LCD, OLED, LED, ELD, SED and
  FED-displays

• Static
• Material with bistable color states
• No energy to maintain image needed, only to
  change
• Slow refresh state
• Deployment in limited applications
• Cholesteric displays, outdoor advertising,
  e-book products

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Field Emission Display
Flat Panel Displays

• Developed by Motorola and others during the
  1990s
• Very similar to a CRT
• Utilizes an electron emitter which activates
  phosphors on a screen
• In CRT an electron gun scatters the charged
  particles
• Each FED pixel has its own corresponding
  electron source
• At first conical electron emitters (known as a
  "Spindt tip") nowdays carbon nanotubes
• Electrons in a FED are not produced by heat

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FED
Flat Panel Displays
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FED
Flat Panel Displays

• Advantages
• More power efficient than LCD
• Less weight that same size LCD
• Fewer total components and processes involved

• Disadvantages
• Erosion of the emitters
• Extremely high vacuum required in order to
  operate
• Hard to manufacture for commercial use
• Production difficulties

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FED
Flat Panel Displays

• First models 2007
• 19.2-inches.
• 1,280 x 960 resolution
• brightness of 400cd/m2
• 20,0001 contrast ratio
• SonysField Emission Technologies, whose
  purpose was to develop the displays closed it
  doors in 2009.
• Reason mainly due to difficulty in raising
  funds for manufacturing.

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Organic Light-emitting Diode
Flat Panel Displays

• Developed by Eastman-Kodak
• Two types small molecule OLED and polymer
  OLED
• A Layer of organic material is sandwiched
  between two conductors (an anode and a cathode)
  which are between seal and subsrate
• Electro-luminescent bright light is produced
  from the organic material when current is
  applied to the conductors

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OLED color
Flat Panel Displays

• Only pure colors expressed when an electric
  current stimulates the relevant pixels
• Primary color matrix arranged in red, green, and
  blue pixels, mounted directly to a printed
  circuit board
• Ambient light interference reduced with
  "micro-cavity structure -gt improves overall
  color contrast
• Organic layer adjusted for each color for
  strongest light
• Colors purified with color filter without the
  need for polarizer -gt outstanding color purity.

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OLED
Flat Panel Displays
Source http//www.oled-display.net/how-works-the-
oled-technology
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How OLED is built
OLED production VS. LCD production
Source http//www.oled-display.net/how-works-the-
oled-technology
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PLED
Flat Panel Displays
Source http//www.educypedia.be/electronics/pled.
htm
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Different OLED technologies

• AM OLED Active Matrix OLED device
• FOLED Flexible Organic Light Emitting Diode
  (UDC)
• OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode/Device/Display
  
• PhOLED Phosphorescent Oragnic Light Emitting
  Diode (UDC)
• PLED Polymer Light Emitting Diode (CDT)
• PM OLED Passive Matrix OLED device
• POLED Polymer Oragnic Light Emitting Diode
  (CDT)
• RCOLED Resonant Coloe Oragnic Light Emitting
  Diode
• SmOLED Small Molecule Ogranic Light Emitting
  Diode (Kodak)
• SOLED Stacked Oragnic Light Emitting Diode
  (UDC)
• TOLED Transparent Oragnic Light Emitting Diode
  (UDC)

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OLED
Flat Panel Displays

• Advantages
• Can be printed onto any suitable substrate
  with inkjet (PLED)
• Flexible displays
• Great artificial contrast ratio and color
  potential
• No need for a backlight
• Great viewing angle
• Fast response times

• Disadvantages
• Lifespan (especially blue)
• Color balance issues (due lifespan issues)
• Water damage
• Outdoor performance
• Power consumption
• Possible screen burn-in

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OLED
Flat Panel Displays

• Samsung SDI exhibited a 40-inch OLED panel at
  the FPD International 2008
• full HD resolution of 1920 x 1080
• contrast ratio of 1,000,0001
• color gamut of 107 NTSC
• luminance of 200cd/m2 (peak luminance of
  600cd/m2)
• Samsung shows 3D Panels at CES-2010.
• Sony shows 24.5-inch prototype OLED 3D
  television during the Consumer Electronics
  Show in January 2010.

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OLED
Flat Panel Displays
Source DisplaySearch Q2,09 Quarterly OLED
Shipment and Forecast Report
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Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display
Flat Panel Displays

• Co-developed by Canon and Toshiba Corporation
• Very similar to a CRT
• Utilizes an electron emitter which activates
  phosphors on a screen
• The electron emission element is made from few
  nanometers thick electron emission film
• No electron beam deflector required
• Separate emitter for each color phosphor,
  3/pixel or 1/sub-pixel

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SED
Flat Panel Displays
Source http//www.oled-display.info/what-means-se
d-tv
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SED vs. FED
Flat Panel Displays

• The significant differences between SED (a)
  and FED (b) is in the electron source plate and
  the drive electronics

Source http//www.oled-display.info/structure-and
-manufacturing-of-an-sed-tv-and-fed-tv-partii
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SED
Flat Panel Displays

• Advantages
• The overall power efficiency about ten times
  better than a LCD of the same size
• Less complex than LCD
• Fast response time and high contrast ratio
• Wide viewing angle
• advantages over the FED in manufacturing state

• Disadvantages
• Potential screen burn-in
• Mass production difficulties

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SED
Flat Panel Displays

• Prototype 2006
• 1080p 55-inch models
• 450 nits of brightness
• 50,0001 contrast ratio
• 1ms response time
• Mass production delayed due to lawsuits between
  Canon and Nano- Proprietary Inc concerning
  SED panel patent license agreement

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Future
Flat Panel Displays

• Some of the technologies have faded after the
  prototype phase
• OLEDs are the most promising
• Flexible displays
• Printing technology
• Printed vs non printed
• Rigid vs flexible
• Inorganic vs organic,
• Cost of materials vs process
• New technologies still in development

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Future
Flat Panel Displays

• Samsung Wave (Super- AMOLED)
• vs.
• Nokia X6 (TFT LCD capacitive touchscreen)

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Questions?Thank you!
Flat Panel Displays