HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE

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CHAPTER 13

• HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE

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SECTION 1MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE
FUNKY PHRASE P.S. ANDI SAT IN A VAT SAMPLING
ITALIAN GREASE
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NAME THAT PICTURE!
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ANCIENT GLORY

• MILD CLIMATE THE SEA allowed for
• PROSPERITY, DEVELOP GOVT., DIFFUSION
• TWO GREAT CIVILIZATIONS EMERGED GREECE ROME
• GREECE
• CITY-STATES DEVELOPED DUE TO MTS.
• FIRST DEMOCRACY IN ATHENS (RULE BY PEOPLE)
• CITY-STATES WEAKENED BC OF WAR
• PERSIA, SPARTA VS. ATHENS
• ALEXANDER THE GREAT OF MACEDONIA CONQUERED

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ANCIENT GLORY

• ROMAN EMPIRE
• WAS A REPUBLIC CITIZENS ELECT A REP. TO RULE
  FOR THEM
• ROMAN EMPIRE RULED BY CONQUERING OTHERS
• CHRISTIANITY BEGAN IN A ROMAN TERRITORY,
  PALESTINE, AND DIFFUSED
• EMPIRE SPLIT TO EASTERN AND WESTERN
• WESTERN FELL TO GERMAN INVADERS
• EASTERN STAYED STRONG, BYZANTINE EMPIRE, LASTED
  1000 YRS.

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MODERN TIMES

• ITALY REBIRTH, SPAIN EXPLORATION!
• ITALIAN CITY-STATES
• 1096 CRUSADES LAUNCHED TO RECLAIM HOLY LAND,
  PALESTINE, FROM MUSLIMS
• ITALIAN CITIES BANKED FROM PROVIDING SERVICES TO
  CRUSADERS
• 13TH-14TH CENT. RENAISSANCE RENEWED INTEREST IN
  LEARNING AND ARTS (INSPIRED BY CLASSICAL ART)
• BUBONIC PLAGUE SPREAD FROM ASIA TO EUROPE THROUGH
  TRADE
• SPAINS EMPIRE
• MUSLIMS FROM N. AFRICA RULED IBERIAN PENINSULA
• ISABELLA FERDINAND RECLAIMED SPAIN INSTITUTED
  CHRISTIANITY
• 1492COLUMBUS DISCOVERED WEST INDIES
• SPREAD CATHOLICISM / LANG. / CULTURE

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RENAISSANCE ARTDESCRIBE WHAT YOU SEE..
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CULTURAL LEGACY

• ROMES LEGACY
• GREECE MAINTAINED OWN LANG.
• REST OF ROMAN EMPIRES LANGUAGES EVOVLED FROM
  LATIN
• SPANISH, PORTUGUESE, ITALIAN, FRENCH
• SPLIT OF ROMAN EMPIRE SPLIT OF CHRISTIANITY
• ROMAN CATHOLIC EASTERN ORTHODOX (GREECE)
• ART
• PARTHENON (ITALY), AQUEDUCTS MOSQUES (SPAIN)
• PABLO PICASSO
• (SPAIN)

GUERNICA ?
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ECONOMIC CHANGE

• AGRICULTURE TO INDUSTRY
• TOURISM, FISHING, AGRICULTURE
• GRAPHS ON PAGE 292
• INCREASE TRADE MANUFACTURING
• IN 80S PORTUGAL, GREECE, SPAIN JOIN EUROPEAN
  UNION
• PROMOTE TRADE W/ OTHER EU NATIONS
• ECON PROBLEMS
• SOUTHERN ITALY
• NORTH IS CLOSER TO THE MORE INDUSTRIAL EUROPE
• SOUTH LACKS ADEQUATE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
• GOVERNMENT MADE POOR CHOICES FOR INDUSTRY
• LACK OF ENERGY SOURCES
• RELIES ON IMPORTS
• MAKES MEDITERRANEAN VULNERABLE

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MODERN LIFE

• POLITICAL INSTABILITY
• MUSSOLINI (ITALY) FRANCO (SPAIN) WERE TWO
  POWERFUL DICTATORS
• BASQUES
• STATELESS NATION
• WANT INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN
• CITY GROWTH
• WHY? ECONOMIC TRANSITION FROM AGRICULTURE TO
  SERVICE MANUFACTURING
• URBAN GROWTH HOUSING SHORTAGE, POLLUTION,
  TRAFFIC IF LACKING INFRASTRUCTURE AND SMART GROWTH

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Chapter 13 Review

• 1) WHAT WERE THE TWO GREAT CIVILIZATIONS OF THE
  MEDITERRANEAN?
• 2) BY WHICH EMPIRE DID CHRISTIANITY DIFFUSE
  THROUGH?
• 3) WHO RULED SPAIN BEFORE ISABELLA AND FERDINAND?
• 4) WHEN THE ROMAN EMPIRE SPLIT, EVENTUALLY
  CHRISTIANITY SPLIT INTO WHICH TWO BRANCHES?
• 5) WHY IS THE MEDITERRANEAN VULNERABLE DURING
  TIMES OF WAR?
• 6) WHO WANTS INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN?

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DO NOW

• 7) Who established the first democracy?
• 8) Who was this building below built for and
  where was it built?
• 9) What were the Crusades about?
• 10) Most of the Roman Empires languages evolved
  from which language branch?

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SECTION 2WESTERN EUROPE
FUNKY PHRASE MONTY FRANCINE LUV BELGIUM
WAFFLES, NEITHER GIVE LEFTOVERS TO SWISS
AUSTRIANS.
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NAME THAT PICTURE!
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A HISTORY OF CULTURAL DIVISIONS

• Two largest, France vs. Germany RIVALRY!
• FROM ROME TO CHARLEMAGNE
• Language Division
• Romes official language was Latin
• Northeast France was never conqueredstill speak
  German
• Charlemagne (King of the Franks/Charles the
  Great)
• Germanic King conquered most of France Germany
• THE REFORMATION
• People began to question the Church
• 1517, Martin Luther wrote 95 theses criticizing
  church practices
• PROTESTANT VS. CATHOLICS
• North and West of France is mostly Protestant

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European Religions
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NATION-STATES

• NATIONALISM
• Feudalism led to strong kings
• Nationalism loyalty to nation nation-states
• France was one of the first nation-states
• French Kings had too much powerFrench Revolution
  in 1789est. a republic
• Napoleon seized power, tried to conquer Europe,
  lost
• WARS between states broke out
• France and Austria France and German states
• Industrial Revolution led to competition for
  resources colonies

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NATION-STATES CONT.

• MODERN CONFLICTS
• WW I
• Allies (good guys) VS. Central Powers (lost)
• WW II
• Holocaust, Hitler (lost)
• COLD WAR
• Communist (Soviets) VS. Non-Communist (U.S.)
• Berlin Wall constructed to divide
• 1990, Berlin Wall fell
• European Union was est. to create a more unified
  Europe

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ECONOMICS

• AG TO HIGH-TECH
• DAIRY, LIVESTOCK, CROPS
• RICH IN IRON ORE COALINDUSTRY
• ELECTRONICS NETHERLANDS GERM.
• TOURISM LUXURY
• HISTORICAL SITES CLIMATE
• CARS, WATCHES, CLOTHING INDUSTRY, FLOWERS
• ECON PROBLEMS
• EAST GERMANY VS. WEST GERMANY

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MUSIC ART

• MUSIC
• BACH, BEETHOVEN, MOZART
• PAINTING
• JAN VAN EYCK
• FLANDERS OIL PAINTS
• JAN VERMEER REMBRANDT
• DUTCH REALISM
• MONET
• FRENCH IMPRESSIONIST

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Jan Van Eyck
St. Luke drawing the Virgin
Arnolfini Portrait
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Johannes Vermeer
Girl with a Pearl Earring
Milkmaid
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Rembrandt
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Monet
Tulips in Holland
Bridge over a Pool of Water Lilies
Water Lilies
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MODERN LIFE

• CITY LIFE
• MOST LIVE IN CITIES
• RECENT CONFLICTS
• IMMIGRATION
• RACISM

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CH 13-2 MINI-REVIEW

• What two countries have dominated the western
  region of Europe?
• What religious movement caused people to question
  the Catholic Church?
• How did Western European countries become a
  leader in economics?
• Which Western European artist is known for his
  impressionist style of painting?

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SECTION 3NORTHERN EUROPE
FUNKY PHRASE ICY LAND UNDER KING MARK HAS WAY
SWEET FINDS.
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NAME THAT PICTURE!
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HISTORY OF SEAFARING CONQUERORS

• COUNTRIES
• UK, Ireland Nordic Iceland, Denmark, Norway,
  Sweden, Finland
• EARLY CONQUERORS
• Newer arrivals pushed older groups to coasts
• Celtics (ancient British inhabitants) forced
  North West
• Vikings, Norsemen, Normans used sea to raid
• 1066 William the Conqueror of Normandy (France)
• Battle of Hastings brought French and English
  culture together
• DREAMS OF EMPIRE
• No empire for Nordic countries
• Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and England
  UK
• Geographic advantage they were an island
• Built up the navy
• Built a global empire by colonizing Sun never
  sets on the British Empire

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Viking Conquests
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Sun Never Sets
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MODERN AGE

• REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT
• Great Brit. is a Constitutional Monarchy
• Parliament representative lawmaking body
• 1215 Magna Carta similar to our Constitution
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• Iron ore and coal allowed for industrialization
• Resource scarcity led to colonization
• SINCE 1900
• Colonies gained independenceethnic conflict
• IRISH
• English took control of Catholic Irish land, left
  many poor
• Potato famine of 1840sstarvation and poverty
• Ireland split
• The Republic of Ireland (South) Northern
  Ireland (part of UK)

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ECONOMICS

• INDUSTRY AND RESOURCES
• Sweden UK cars aerodynamics
• North is rich in natural resources
• Timber (Sweden), Fish (Iceland), oil (Norway)
• HIGH-TECH
• Silicon Glen similar to Silicon Valley in US
• UNION OR INDEPENDENCE?
• Most joined EU, not Norway (oil)
• Euro common currency of EU
• Mixed feelings, want to keep own identity

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CULTURE ART

• LANGUAGE RELIGION
• Mostly Germanic languages, some Celtic
• Mostly Protestant, Republic of Ireland Catholic
• MODERN CULTURE
• Shakespeare Playwright
• Wordsworth Poet
• James Joyce Author

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LIFE IN NORTHERN EUROPE

• SOCIAL WELFARE
• High of women in politics (Nordic) ?
• TAKE CARE OF SOCIETYHIGH TAXES
• CUSTOMS
• TEA, SMORGASBORD, SAUNA
• LEISURE
• SKIING, RUGBY, FOX HUNTING

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Northern European Activities
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Cover Your Notes!

• Who brought the French culture to England?
• What allowed for Great Britain to become a strong
  empire?
• Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
• What language branch do most Northern European
  languages derive from?

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CH 13-3 Mini-Review

• Why was Norway apprehensive about joining the EU?
• Which high-tech Irish location is similar to a
  California location in the States?
• What year was the Battle of Hastings?
• What is important about the battle of Hastings?
• What year did the British King become limited?

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SECTION 4 EASTERN EUROPE
FUNKY PHRASE POLICE CHECK SLOWLY WHILE HUNTING
SLEEZY CROOKS, BUT MOST SERIOUSLY ALL MACE
BURGLARS ROAMING.
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NAME THAT PICTURE!
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CULTURAL CROSSROADS

• CULTURES MEET
• Asia meets Europe
• Cultural crossroads point where many cultures
  meet
• Control of the trade
• EMPIRES KINGDOMS
• RomeByzantineOttoman
• Split by several nations, no self-rule

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Cultural Crossroads
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20TH CENTURY

• WAR AFTER WAR
• Ethnic groups wanted self-rule, protect culture
• Balkanization breaking up of a region into
  small, hostile units
• Many nations gained independence, end of Ottoman
  Empire
• Soviets created satellite nations dominated by
  another nation

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20th Century

• Recent of Changes
• Reforms under Gorbachev gave Eastern Europe more
  freedomdemands for independence
• End of Communist control
• Unstable governments remained
• Ethnic conflict arose

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ECONOMY

• INDUSTRY
• Under Communism
• Government controlled
• No competition
• Lag in technology led to pollution
• Food shortages
• Market economy
• Goods are determined by demand of people
• Privately owned
• Transition was tough
• Increased economic growth

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ECONOMY

• Problems
• Old equipment
• Shortage of educated/skilled workers
• Lack of raw materials
• Some governments still own business, reduces
  foreign trade
• Civil war

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CULTURE

• CULTURAL DIVERSITY
• Variety of languages (migration) difficult to
  unify
• Variety of religions (ruling empires)
• Which religions would you see?
• FOLK ART
• Folk Art reflect traditional lifestyles
• Folk Music passing down of traditions

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MODERN LIFE

• LESS URBAN
• Much less urban than the rest of Europe
• Future urbanization with industrialization
• Growth in economy
• Pollution, housing shortages, traffic
• CONFLICT
• Ethnic conflict Serbs vs. Croats
• Anti-Semitism discrimination of Jews
• DEMOCRACY
• Accept rule of law government officials also
  have to follow rules!

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Prague, Czech Republic
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Cover your notes!

• Why is Eastern Europe considered a cultural
  crossroads?
• What empires have controlled Eastern Europe?
• Nations dominated by another are called what?
• Who is more urbanized, Western or Eastern Europe?