INTD 51 human environments

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INTD 51 human environments building systems
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• heating/ventilation/air-conditioning (HVAC)
• maintain a comfortable indoor climate
• control temperature and humidity
• remove odors, dust and pollen
• replace stale air with fresh air from outside the
  building

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• heating/ventilation/air-conditioning (HVAC)
• without these systems most building could not be
  used
• in fact, most buildings almost entirely rely on
  these systems to regulate the indoor climateno
  operable windows

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• heating/ventilation/air-conditioning (HVAC)
• heating systems may be fueled by
• coal
• oil
• gas
• electricity
• solar energy
• gas, electric solar systems are the most
  environmentally friendly

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heating/ventilation/air-conditioning (HVAC) air
conditioning is accomplished by compressors or
chilled water that use the same ducts or pipes
used for heating
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heating/ventilation/air-conditioning
(HVAC) residential heating systems generally are
hot air systems that use electric blowers to move
heated air through ducts to the spaces within the
building larger buildings are generally heated
by gas- or oil-fired hot water systemsthe fuel
heats the water in a boiler and the water is
pumped to radiators
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• heating/ventilation/air-conditioning (HVAC)
• the purpose of a ventilation system is to
  introduce fresh air into the building and to
  reduce the odors caused by the activities within
  the structure
• amount of ventilation required depends on the
  items contributing to odors
• body odor
• clothing
• furniture
• dust
• mechanical devices
• restrooms

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heating/ventilation/air-conditioning
(HVAC) ventilation is provided by blowers that
force air through ducts to the conditioned spaces
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heating/ventilation/air-conditioning (HVAC) air
is filtered and conditioned by some type of
air-handling unit some designed to serve a
single area such as a commercial kitchen or a
welding area in a factory
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heating/ventilation/air-conditioning (HVAC)
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water/sewage disposal potable (drinkable) water
is distributed within a building by pipes sized
to produce the amount of flow required separate
systems are required for cold water and hot
water
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water/sewage disposal as building is planned,
provisions are made to provide ways to install
the pipe both horizontally on each floor and
vertically between floors
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water/sewage disposal
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water/sewage disposal sewage disposal system
removes fluid waste and organic matter to protect
the occupants of the building composed of a
network of large-diameter pipes that must carry
the waste horizontally on each floor to vertical
soil stacks which carry it to drain below the
building
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water/sewage disposal drain connects to the
public sewer or to some form of a septic tank
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water/sewage disposal drain connects to the
public sewer or to some form of a septic tank
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water/sewage disposal in small buildings the
system can be run below the ground-level floor
and between the floor joists on floors at the
second-floor level large, multistory commercial
buildings have to provide space on the floor for
running the plumbing
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electrical the HVAC and lighting systems within
a building require electrical power to
function other heavy demands for electrical
power depend upon the activities that are to
take place within the building
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electrical estimating the amount of electrical
service required and planning the actual layout
require a knowledge of the design solutions of
all the factors involving a need for electricity
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• electrical
• provision must be made for the location of
  switchgear within the building
• disconnect switches
• secondary switches
• circuit breakers
• fuses

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electrical electrical room must be
well-ventilated so the heat generated can be
exhausted from the room switchgear may be
located outdoors if it is housed in metal,
waterproof cabinets designed for this purpose
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electrical
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fire protection required to provide protection
of the structure and its contents against damage
by fire and to protect occupants from injury or
death
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fire protection
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• fire protection
• selection of materials and traffic patterns
  within the structure are critical
• consideration of how to prevent movement of a
  fire within a building is mandatory
• A/C ducts require dampers to prevent flow of
  smoke
• roof must be able to vent smoke and gases
• opening between stories must have automatic
  closing devices
• fire walls and doors

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fire protection
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fire protection
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• sound and signal
• typical signal systems include
• doorbells
• public television
• intercoms
• music
• fire alarms
• security systems
• telephone
• closed-circuit television
• clocks

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sound and signal extensive signal systems are
computer controlled as building is planned,
space must be provided on various levels for
installing equipment plans must be made for
running cables within floors and between floors
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• sound and signal
• typical distribution systems include the use of
• conduit
• boxes
• various raceway systems
• some are in or just below the floor
• large buildings may require a room just for
  installation of terminals

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• mechanical transportation systems
• systems to transport people and materials within
  a building include
• elevators
• escalators
• moving sidewalks
• ramps
• location and number needed for the occupancy of
  the building need to be carefully considered