IMPORTANT%20ANNOUNCEMENT

1
IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT

• SBC is holding their graduation at 11 am, cars
  packed at the Basement may be blocked.
• If your vehicle is parked in the Basement
  Carpark, kindly move it to the Canal Carpark
  during the BREAK.

2
Psalm 95 1 - 6

• 1 Come, let us sing for joy to the LORD let us
  shout aloud to the Rock of our salvation.
• 2 Let us come before him with thanksgiving    and
  extol him with music and song.
• 3 For the LORD is the great God,    the great
  King above all gods.

3
Psalm 95 1 - 6

• 4 In his hand are the depths of the
  earth,    and the mountain peaks belong to him.
  5 The sea is his, for he made it,    and his
  hands formed the dry land.
• 6 Come, let us bow down in worship,    let us
  kneel before the LORD our Maker

4
1 Chronicles 29 10b - 13

• Praise be to you, LORD, the God of our father
  Israel, from everlasting to everlasting.11 Yours
  , LORD, is the greatness and the powerand the
  glory and the majesty and the splendor, for
  everything in heaven and earth is yours.
  Yours, LORD, is the kingdom  you are exalted as
  head over all.

5
1 Chronicles 29 10b - 13

• 12 Wealth and honor come from you    you are
  the ruler of all things.In your hands are
  strength and power    to exalt and give strength
  to all.13 Now, our God, we give you
  thanks,    and praise your glorious name.

6
CROWN HIM WITH MANY CROWNS

• Crown Him with many crowns
• The Lamb upon the throne
• Hark how the heavnly anthem drowns
• All music but its own

7
CROWN HIM WITH MANY CROWNS

• Awake my soul and sing
• Of Him who died for me
• And hail Him as thy matchless King
• Through all eternity

8
CROWN HIM WITH MANY CROWNS

• Crown Him the Lord of life
• Who triumphed oer the grave
• And rose victorious in the strife
• For those who came to save

9
CROWN HIM WITH MANY CROWNS

• His glories now we sing
• Who died and rose on high
• Who died eternal life to bring
• And lives that death may die

10
CROWN HIM WITH MANY CROWNS

• Crown Him the Lord of peace
• Behold His hands and side
• Rich wounds yet visible above
• In beauty glorified

11
CROWN HIM WITH MANY CROWNS

• No angel in the sky
• Can fully bear that sight
• But downward bends his burning eye
• At mysteries so bright

12
CROWN HIM WITH MANY CROWNS

• Crown Him the Lord of years
• Whose power the sceptre sways
• From pole to pole that wars may cease
• And all be prayer and praise

13
CROWN HIM WITH MANY CROWNS

• His reign shall know no end
• And round His pierced feet
• Fair flowers of paradise extend
• Their fragrance ever so sweet

14
CROWN HIM WITH MANY CROWNS

• Crown Him the Lord of years
• The potentate of time
• Creator of the rolling spheres
• Ineffably sublime

15
CROWN HIM WITH MANY CROWNS

• All hail Redeemer hail
• For Thou hast died for me
• Thy grace shall never, never fail
• Throughout eternity

16
THIS KINGDOM

• Jesus, Gods righteousness revealed
• The Son of Man, the Son of God
• His Kingdom comes

17
THIS KINGDOM

• Jesus, redemptions sacrifice
• Now glorified, were justified
• His kingdom comes

18
THIS KINGDOM

• And this Kingdom will know no end
• And its glories shall know no bound
• For the majesty and power
• Of the Kingdoms King has come

19
THIS KINGDOM

• And this Kingdoms reign
• And this Kingdoms rule
• And this Kingdoms power and authority
• Jesus, Gods righteousness revealed

20
THIS KINGDOM

• Jesus, the expression of Gods love
• The Grace of God, the Word of God
• Revealed to us

21
THIS KINGDOM

• Jesus, Gods holiness displayed
• Now glorified, were justified
• His Kingdom comes

22
THIS KINGDOM

• And this Kingdom will know no end
• And its glories shall know no bound
• For the majesty and power
• Of the Kingdoms King has come

23
THIS KINGDOM

• And this Kingdoms reign
• And this Kingdoms rule
• And this Kingdoms power and authority
• Jesus, Gods righteousness revealed

24
THIS KINGDOM

• And this Kingdom will know no end
• And its glories shall know no bound
• For the majesty and power
• Of the Kingdoms King has come

25
THIS KINGDOM

• And this Kingdoms reign
• And this Kingdoms rule
• And this Kingdoms power and authority
• Jesus, Gods righteousness revealed

26
FEED 210/213 Mentoring Through The OT/Poetical
Books
Session 5A introduction to THE POETICAL books
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
Law Narrative Poetry Prophetic Prophetic
Law Narrative Poetry Major Minor
Genesis Job Isaiah Hosea
Exodus Joshua Psalms Jeremiah Joel
Leviticus Judges Proverbs   Amos
Numbers Ruth Ecclesiastes Ezekiel Obadiah
Deuteronomy I Samuel Song of Songs Daniel Jonah
  II Samuel Lamentations   Micah
  I Kings     Nahum
  II Kings     Habakkuk
  I Chronicles     Zephaniah
  II Chronicles     Haggai
  Ezra     Zechariah
  Nehemiah     Malachi
  Esther      
30
1d) Common Features

1. They are poetical in nature (in the Hebrew sense
   of it).
2. They are mainly written as responses to God
   rather than as Word from God (as in Law and
   Prophets) or works of God (as in the narrative).
3. As such, they are often more examples and
   inspirations for our response to God rather than
   direct commandment or instruction from God.
4. They are mainly the voices of humans.
5. We have to differentiate the speeches which are
   Gods and that which are from humans.

31
1d) Common Features
Because the Bible is Gods word, many Christians
automatically assume that all it contains are
words from God to people. Thus they fail to
recognize that the Bible also contains words
spoken to God or about Godwhich is what the
psalms doand that these words, too, are Gods
Word. That is, because psalms are basically
prayers and hymns, by their very nature they are
addressed to God or express truth about God in
song. FAIW 212
32
1e) Further Division of the Poetical Books
HEBREW POETRY/POETICAL BOOKS HEBREW POETRY/POETICAL BOOKS HEBREW POETRY/POETICAL BOOKS HEBREW POETRY/POETICAL BOOKS
Sub-Genre Style Songs/Poetry Wisdom Wisdom
Sub-Genre Style Songs/Poetry Proverbial Speculative
Lyric (Originally accompanied by music possessing strong emotions.) Psalms    
Didactic (Teaches principles about life by means of proverbs or maxims.)   Proverbs Ecclesiastes
Dramatic (Dialogue between people in poetical form.) Song of Songs   Job
Lament (Poetical expression of sorrow or lamentations.) Lamentations    
33
2) HEBREW POETRY

• A) Extent of Poetry/Wisdom in the OT About 1/4
  to 1/3 of the OT is poetry.

34
3b) The Nature of Hebrew Poetry

1. Rhyme is not a fundamental element of Hebrew
   poetry although occasionally, they are employed
   very effectively.

35
3b) The Nature of Hebrew Poetry

1. Rhyme is not a fundamental element of Hebrew
   poetry although occasionally, they are employed
   very effectively.
2. There is great debate whether Hebrew poetry
   follows a rhythm or meter. Though Hebrew poetry
   has a free flow of rhythm with several accented
   syllabus in each line, such rhythms and meters
   lack regularity in pattern. Hebrew poetry
   emphasizes through repetition (parallelism)
   rather than sound rhythm or rhyme.
3. Hebrew Poetry is music without notes.
4. Poetry communicates the experience of the author.
5. Poetry is to be spoken aloud to elicit the
   emotional response intended by the author.
6. The didactic nature of Hebrew poetry.

36
i) Terseness/Compact

• The fundamental unit of Hebrew poetry is the line
  (not the sentence as in prose) composed of two or
  more short clauses called cola (singular
  colon) or stiches. Each colon is usually made
  up of three words. This compact nature of Hebrew
  poetry is the result of four features.

37
i) Terseness/Compact

1. Few conjunctions.
2. Parallelism (with an equal or near equal number
   of syllables in parallel lines).

38
6) Hebrew Parallelism

1. This is the dominant feature of Hebrew poetry.
   This feature involves the repetition of the same
   idea in the first colon in a way that further
   develops the idea, i.e., it expresses a
   progression of thought.

39
i) Terseness/Compact

• Few conjunctions.
• Parallelism (with an equal or near equal number
  of syllables in parallel lines).
• Chiasm
• In contrast to parallelism, the parallel stich
  reverses the order of units found in the initial
  stich. If connected with lines, the parallel
  members would form an X (Greek chi), hence the
  name chiasm.
• Imagery

40
Tip the Waiter
41
i) Terseness/Compact

• Few conjunctions.
• Parallelism (with an equal or near equal number
  of syllables in parallel lines).
• Ellipsis or incomplete parallelism (drop a major
  (obvious) part out of the second colon of a
  poetic line and compensate it with other words so
  both lines are approximately equal in length).
• E.g., Blow the trumpet in Gibeah, the horn in
  Ramah (Hos. 58).
• Chiasm
• In contrast to parallelism, the parallel stich
  reverses the order of units found in the initial
  stich. If connected with lines, the parallel
  members would form an X (Greek chi), hence the
  name chiasm.
• Imagery

42
ii) Stylistic Devices

• 1) Acrostics

Our Core Values?Believing Prayer?Accountable
Relationships?Reaching Out to the
Nations?Teaching the Word?Loving
Families?Exercising Stewardship?Yielding to the
Spirit
43
ii) Stylistic Devices

• 1) Acrostics
• 2) Play on sound
• 3) Graded numbers

44
3c Implications of Hebrew Poetry
i) Poetry is more self-conscious language
requiring more thought than prose. (1) Poetry
requires careful consideration how something is
said as well as what is said. Poetry has an
intensified and heightened use of imagery,
parallelism, and other literary devises.
Longman, Guide to OT Theology 111-12 ii) It is
meant to be sung, heard and memorized and not
just read, studied and analyzed. (1) Hebrew
Poetry is music without notes. Psalms are
poems, and poems intended to be sung not
doctrinal treatises, nor even sermons. Most
emphatically the Psalms must be read as poems as
lyrics, with all the licenses and all the
formalities, the hyperboles, the emotional rather
than logical connections, which are proper to
lyric poetry. CS Lewis, Reflections on Psalms
2-3.
45
3c Implications of Hebrew Poetry
there is no better way to express devotion to
God than through song. Much of the poetry of the
Old Testament was originally performed as music.
Rather than a source of theological doctrines, it
was the expression of deep faith, whether that of
the individual singer or of the community. It has
maintained its appeal through centuries because
the believing community can join in the song to
express its own faith and devotion. Today, the
musical score has been lost, but the potent
poetic words still provide not only a way to know
God, but even more, a way to voice praise for God
who alone is worthy of it. Lasor, OT Survey,
242. (2) Poetry is to be spoken aloud to elicit
the emotional response intended by the
author. Poetry is to be felt. Our reaction in
reading ought to be such that we feel so
intensely with the psalmists that we cannot think
of their words without some form of response.
Allen, Praise! 46. (3) They therefore preserve
stories better.
46
3c Implications of Hebrew Poetry

• iii) It is experiential.
• Poetry communicates the experience of the author.
• iv) It tends to be exaggerated.
• Poetry might be defined as a kind of language
  that says more and says it more intensely than
  does ordinary language. Perrine, Sound and
  Sense, 4.
• v) They are best read in their respective
  historical contexts.

47
(No Transcript)
48
QUIZ

1. Synonymous Parallelism
2. Antithetical Parallelism
3. Synthetic Parallelism
4. Climactic Parallelism
5. Emblematic Parallelism
6. Analytical Parallelism
7. Formal Parallelism

1. 2nd statement develops the thought further.
2. 2nd statement provides a figurative illustration
   of the 1st.
3. 2nd statement says the same thing with a denial
   of the opposite.
4. 2nd statement tells of the consequence of the
   1st.
5. 2nd statement says the same thing in slightly
   different words.
6. 2nd statement is a dissimilar thought to the 1st.
7. 2nd statement completes the idea left by the
   first.

49

• 5) WISDOM LITERATURE

50
5a GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WISDOM LITERATURE

1. Akin to popular sayings.
2. Observations in life in made in terms of
   down-to-earth objects, creatures, and
   experiences, with little abstraction or
   theorizing.
3. Practical.
4. Didactic in nature contains an admonition or
   moral.
5. Short ones are brief, crisp maxims, usually found
   in series but yet mutually independent.
6. Longer ones resemble fables.

51
5b. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD

• Oral Transmission
• Connected to religious and magical practices
• Connected to different aspects of life
• Besides cultic practices, the development of
  wisdom sayings is also linked to
• Politics
• Child-training
• Trade
• Agriculture
• Commerce

52
(No Transcript)
53
(No Transcript)
54
5bi Origin

• Biblical wisdom literature had its formal
  beginnings in the 10th century B.C. Noticeably,
  it was bolstered from the time of Solomon.

55
III. 2) Establishment of schools
56
The continuation of an office for the wiseman can
be attested

1. Later, Hezekiah served as a patron of the sages
   (Prov. 251).
2. Jeremiah admonished the wisemen for turning away
   from Gods word (Jer. 89) and that their
   counsels will perish (Jer. 1818).
3. The first actual mention of a school in Jewish
   literature is in the time of Sirach (ca 180 B.C.
   Sir. 5123).

57
5bii Contributors of Biblical Wisdom Literature

• The wise men or sages (Prov. 16 2423 2217)
• The most prominent contributor to the wisdom
  literature would be Solomon, the patron of Wisdom
  (1 Kings 311)
• Other contributors to biblical wisdom literature
  includes
• Agur (Prov. 3014)
• Lemuel (Prov. 3119)
• The authors of Job and Ecclesiastes
• Ultimately inspired by God.

58
5c. TYPES OF WISDOM GENRE IN THE BIBLE

• Biblical wisdom literature is similar to other
  ANE wisdom literature in characteristics and
  form. This could broadly be divided into 2 types
• Proverbial Wisdom
• Contemplative/speculative Wisdom

59
5d. Location in the Bible

• We see glimpses of wisdom literature or the
  importance of wisdom in many places in the Old
  Testament.
• People who use wisdom and proverbs
• Goliath questioned David with a proverb (1 Sam.
  1743).
• David recited a proverb in defending his
  innocence to Saul (1 Sam. 2413).
• Nathan used a parable to confront David about his
  sin with Bathsheba (2 Sam. 12).
• King Ahab reminds Ben-hadad by way of a proverb
  not to prematurely assume victory in battle (1Ki.
  2011).
• Joash rebuffed Amaziah with a proverb (2 Ki.
  149).
• Isaiah employs an allegory of the farmer to
  explain to Israel that God will not judge them
  forever (Isa. 2823ff.).

60
(2) People who were known as wise

• Men
• Jonadab was known as a shrewd man, even though he
  gave evil counsel to Amnon (2 Sam. 1333-35).
• Ahithophel and his rival, Hushai, were considered
  to be professional counselors (2 Sam.
  15121723).
• David was known as a man with a God-given ability
  to discern good and evil (2 Sam. 1417).
• In addition to Solomon, four people were held up
  as wise sages (1 Ki. 431).

61
6b. Location of Wisdom Literature

1. In the books of Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes

62
6b. Location of Wisdom Literature

1. In the books of Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes
2. The Wisdom Psalms (1, 19, 32, 34, 37, 49, 73, 78,
   112, 119, 127, 128, 133).
3. In the Apocrypha

63
5e. OTHER DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF BIBLICAL
WISDOM

1. Wisdom literature makes no mention of the
   Patriarchs, the Exodus, Moses, the Sinai
   Covenant, of the Davidic covenant (i.e.,
   redemptive history).
2. Wisdom literature focuses attention on how
   individuals can find God rather than on success
   as the nation of Israel.
3. Wisdom literature is applicable to all people at
   any period in history (e.g., not limited by a
   particular historical context).
4. Wisdom literature is very practical dealing with
   everyday issues and very practical examples. It
   is far from abstraction, mysticism and
   philosophy.
5. It differs from other ANE wisdom literature
   because it is not secular. Underlining each the
   general layout of each of the wisdom literature
   in the Bible is the notation that above all, the
   fear of God is the beginning of all wisdom.
6. The theme of the fear of the Lord can be seen
   in all three books (Prov. 17 910 cf. Job
   2828 Eccl. 1213).

64
APPENDIX A

• Types of Hebrew Parallelism

The Lord is my light and my salvationwhom shall
I fear? The Lord is the stronghold of my lifeof
whom shall I be afraid?
65
APPENDIX B

• Major Figures of Speech in Hebrew Poetry

66
IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT

• SBC is holding their graduation at 11 am, cars
  packed at the Basement may be blocked.
• If your vehicle is parked in the Basement
  Carpark, kindly move it to the Canal Carpark
  during the BREAK.

67
8. THE THEOLOGY OF WISDOM IN BIBLE

1. Biblical wisdom literature is built upon the
   foundational belief of an orderly universe. There
   is a cause-effect relationship that operates in
   the physical and spiritual realms. Good deeds are
   rewarded by God, evil deeds are punished (Prov.
   1030).
2. Wisdom has a theistic basis. Wisdom literature in
   the Bible presupposes a sovereign, creator God.
3. Biblical wisdom literature is primarily focused
   on the individual, not the entire community.
   Human beings have been endowed with reason and
   the ability to make moral decisions.
4. Consequently, there is a universalism in biblical
   wisdom literature all people are accountable to
   God for their actions.