Nat 4/5 Calderglen High School

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4 5 Polymers And Novel Materials
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4 5 Polymers and Novel Materials
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1.
What is a polymer?
Large molecules (macromolecules) formed by many
small molecules called monomers joining together
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2.
SYNTHETIC means ..?
Man-made (by the chemical industry)
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Give some examples of natural polymers
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Cotton Rubber Silk Wool Starch Cellulose
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Give some examples of synthetic polymers
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Nylon Polyethene (polythene) Polystyrene PVC Pers
pex
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Give examples of thermosetting polymers
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Bakelite Formica
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From which RAW MATERIAL do we obtain the
chemicals used to make most plastics and
synthetic fibres?
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CRUDE OIL
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What type of hydrocarbons are the monomers for
addition polymers?
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ALKENES
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How are addition polymers formed?
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The C C in the monomers open and the monomers
join (ADD) together
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How are polymers named?
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The word poly goes in front of the monomer name
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What is a condensation polymer?
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A polymer made when two monomers join together
with the loss of a small molecule (usually water)
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How are the small unsaturated molecules used to
make addition polymers obtained from crude oil?
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Fractional distillation
followed by
Catalytic cracking
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What is addition polymerisation?
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The type of reaction where monomers with CC
double bonds join to form polymers through a
process which involves the breaking of the double
bond
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What is POLYMERISATION?
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The type of reaction in which many small
molecules (monomers) join together to form
polymers
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Given the addition polymer how would you draw the
monomer?
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• Find the repeating unit
• Redraw with a C C
• Remove the side bonds

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What is a THERMOPLASTIC polymer?
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A thermoplastic polymer is one which softens on
heating and can be reshaped
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Give some advantages of synthetic polymers
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Cheap, light weight, long lasting
(durable/hard-wearing), insulators
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Give some examples of how the PROPERTIES of
plastics are related to their USES
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PVC Non-conductor of electricity, flexible
Insulating electrical cables Polystyrene Non-cond
uctor of heat, lightweight Hot drinks cups
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What danger is associated with burning plastics?
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Toxic gases can be produced
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BIODEGRADABLE means .
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Decomposed (rots) naturally by living matter
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Name 3 toxic gases that could be given off by a
burning plastic
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Carbon monoxide (from almost any
plastic) Hydrogen chloride (from PVC) Hydrogen
cyanide (from polyurethane)
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What type of plastic does not soften on heating?
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Thermosetting
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Draw part of a poly(ethene) molecule showing 3
ethene monomers joined together
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Draw part of a poly(propene) molecule showing 3
propene monomers joined together
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Draw the repeating unit for
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POLYPROPENE
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Give some disadvantages of synthetic fibres?
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Dont feel or look as good, finite,
non-biodegradable (wont rot), burn to give toxic
fumes
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Recycling The type of plastic is indicated by a
code as shown opposite
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ALKENE
A hydrocarbon with a carbon to carbon double bond
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CRACKING
Breaking up long chain hydrocarbons to give
smaller ones some of which have carbon to carbon
double bonds
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POLYPROPENE
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CRUDE OIL
FOSSIL FUEL
Mixture of hydrocarbons
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Give an example of a synthetic condensation
polymer?
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Polyester
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Give a special property of polyethenol.
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Water soluble
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Give a special property of KEVLAR
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Very strong
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Give a special property of BIOPOL
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BIODEGRADABLE
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Give some properties of ceramics.
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Withstand high temperatures Hard Good electrical
insulators
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List some uses of ceramic materials
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Cooking pots Electrical insulator for powerlines
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List some new materials and their uses
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Hydrogel absorbs water nappies (or any
reasonable example)
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Polyesters can be linear or
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(cured 3D) RESIN
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What could you use a polyester fibre for?
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Clothing
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What could you use a polyester resin for?
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Jewellery
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Complete the table.
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Name Type Key features Use
Polyethenol Addition Water soluble
Condensation polyamide Very strong Bullet proof vests etc..
Biopol Condensation polyester Garden mulch bags



Hospital



laundry bags Kevlar
Biodegradable