Blending%20evolution%20with%20revolution:

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Blending evolution with revolution

• a new cycle of library automation spins on

Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative
Technology and Research Vanderbilt University
Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology
Guides http//www.librarytechnology.org/ http//tw
itter.com/mbreeding
10 February 2010 Melbourne
VALA 2010 connections.content.conversations
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Abstract

• Marshall Breeding, based on his ongoing research
  and analysis of the product, technology, and
  business trends of the library automation
  industry, will give his perspective on the
  current state of the field and what libraries can
  expect over the next few years.  While some
  companies will continue a stable and evolutionary
  path, others articulate more dramatic changes in
  their strategies.  Open source ILS options have
  already repainted the landscape, with new
  community source projects underway that promise
  additional change.  The industry drives forward
  on two fronts, one focusing on automating
  internal library processes and the other
  providing new ways for users to discovery and
  access library collections.  Major tech trends
  such as the rapid rise in smart mobile devices,
  the shift from local computing to
  platform-as-a-service cloud computing bring new
  mandates of change that demand new directions of
  innovation.  These cycles all turn within an
  economic climate that presents great challenges
  in the levels of resources that libraries can
  bring to the table.

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Current state of the industry
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Library Technology Guides
5
Dynamics of the ILS market
http//www.librarytechnology.org/ils-turnover.pl
6
ILS market in Australia Public
http//www.librarytechnology.org/lwc-ils-marketsha
re.pl?CountryAustraliaTypePublic
7
ILS market in Australia Academic
http//www.librarytechnology.org/lwc-ils-marketsha
re.pl?CountryAustraliaTypeAcademic
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Perceptions 2009

• Third annual survey
• Survey results were gathered November 4, 2009
  -- January 11, 201
• 2,098 responses
• 109 Australia New Zealand
• Published only through Library Technology Guides

http//www.librarytechnology.org/perceptions2009.p
l
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How satisfied is the library with your
current Integrated Library System (ILS)?
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How likely is it that this library would consider
implementing an open source ILS?
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Perceptions 2009 -- observations

• Products and companies focusing on smaller
  libraries and narrower niches generally receive
  higher perception scores
• Companies supporting proprietary ILS products
  receive generally higher satisfaction scores than
  companies involved with open source ILS. 
• Except for the libraries already using an open
  source ILS, the survey reflected low levels of
  interest, even when the company rates their
  satisfaction with their current proprietary ILS
  and its company as poor. 

12
Library Journal Automation Marketplace

• Published annually in April 1 issue
• Based on data provided by each vendor
• Focused primarily on North America
• Context of global library automation market

13
LJ Automation Marketplace

• Annual Industry report published in Library
  Journal
• 2010 ???
• 2009 Investing in the Future
• 2008 Opportunity out of turmoil
• 2007 An industry redefined
• 2006 Reshuffling the deck
• 2005 Gradual evolution
• 2004 Migration down, innovation up
• 2003 The competition heats up
• 2002 Capturing the migrating customer

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ILS Sales Statistics total
System Name 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
AGent VERSO 14 19 6 23 15 54 47 24
Evergreen               6
Voyager 50 44 35 22 34 12 4 5
ALEPH 500 80 58 51 53 83 67 29 26
Vubis Smart 13 34 54 56 60 56 40 46
V-Smart               11
Millennium 157 136 144 119 107 95 95 64
Koha (Classic/ZOOM)           30 57 40
Library.Solution 79 70 73 58 41 34 35 32
Carl.X / Carl.Solution       1 3 10 0 0
Polaris ILS 12 21 20 37 39 54 32 56
Unicorn 117 207 124 134 91 71 121 108
Horizon 126 114 168 193 147 94 15 0
Virtua 37 60 67 35 25 27 30 39
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Key Context Libraries in Transition

• Shift from Print gt Electronic
• Increasing emphasis on subscribed content,
  especially articles and databases
• Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections
• Demands for enterprise integration and
  interoperability

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Key Context Library Users in Transition

• New generations of library users
• Millennial generation
• Self sufficient reluctant to seek assistance
• Perceive themselves as competent to use
  information tools without help
• Web savvy / Digital natives
• Pervasive Web 2.0 concepts /
• Inherently collaborative work styles

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Key Context Technologies in transition

• XML / Web services / Service-oriented
  Architecture
• Beyond Web 2.0
• Integration of social computing into core
  infrastructure
• Local computing shifting to cloud platforms
• SaaS / private cloud / public cloud
• Full spectrum of devices
• full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile
• Mobile the current focus, but is only one example
  of device and interface cycles

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Dynamics of the Library Automation Scene

• Evolutionary ILS
• Revolutionary ILS
• Open source and Licensed alternatives

http//www.uoguelph.ca/theportico/science/people/
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Evolutionary path

• Gradual enhancement of long-standing ILS
  platforms
• Wrap legacy code in APIs and Web services
• SirsiDynix
• Unicorn (Horizon functionality) gt Symphony
• Innovative
• INNOVAQ gt INNOPAC gt Millennium gt Encore
• Civica
• Urica gt Spydus(Urica Integrated Systems,
  Amalgamated Wireless Australia, McDonnell Douglas
  Information Systems, Sanderson)

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Evolution vs. Revolution

• The library automation market has a long-standing
  preference of evolved systems
• Very difficult and lengthy process to build a new
  library automation system from scratch
• Legacy systems bring forward both rich
  functionality as well as concepts tied to the
  past

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Revolutionary Path

• Ex Libris URM
• Kuali OLE
• WorldCat Management System

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Competing Models of Library Automation

• Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS
• Millennium, Symphony, Polaris
• Traditional Open Source ILS
• Evergreen, Koha
• Clean slate automation framework (SOA,
  enterprise-ready)
• Ex Libris URM, OLE Project
• Cloud-based automation system
• WorldCat Local (circ, acq, license management)

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Rethinking library automation

• Fundamental assumption Print Digital Hybrid
  libraries
• Traditional ILS model not adequate for hybrid
  libraries
• Libraries currently moving toward surrounding
  core ILS with additional modules to handle
  electronic content
• New discovery layer interfaces replacing or
  supplementing ILS OPACS
• Working toward a new model of library automation
• Monolithic legacy architectures replaced by
  fabric of SOA applications
• Comprehensive Resource Management

It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS
Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007
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Ex Libris URM

• integrates back-office processes across all
  library materials, regardless of type, format,
  and acquisition method
• reduces effort and lowers costs associated with
  metadata management
• a flexible environment for libraries to join
  forces
• service-oriented architecture and
  fully-documented Web services

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Kuali OLE

• Mellon funded project to create new enterprise
  level automation platform for research libraries
• 1-year planning project led by Duke University
• Manage resources of all formats
• More than an ILS / Less than an ILS
• Community Source / Open Source

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OLE Project Phase I

• Planning and Design Phase
• Develop Vision Blueprint
• Work with consultants with expertise in SOA and
  BPM
• Instill community ownership of OLE
• Recruit partners for Phase II

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OLE Team _at_ Duke
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Regional Workshops

• Conduct business process modeling (BPM) exercises
• Define library workflows which must be supported
  in OLE
• Small group work to develop descriptions of
  library workflows
• Workshop output will shape project design

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OLE Project Phase II

• 2-year build project led by Indiana University
• 2.38 million from Mellon matched by capital and
  in-kind contributions by development partners
• Community source reference implementation
• Create software based on OLE blueprint from
  current project
• Early software in 18-24 months
• High level of investment and commitment to
  implementation

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OCLC Management System

• "the first Web-scale, cooperative library
  management service
• New highly scaleable platform for WorldCat
• Cataloging
• Interlibrary loan
• Discovery (WorldCat Local)
• Circulation
• Acquisitions
• License Management

In Challenge to ILS Industry, OCLC Extends
WorldCat Local To Launch New Library
System Marshall Breeding, Library Journal
4/23/2009http//www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA
6653619.html
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Open Source Library Automation

• Koha
• Evergreen
• Kuali OLE

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Open Source Companies

• US LibLime, Equinox, MediaFlex
• Australia/NZ Katipo, CALYX information
  essentials, Strategic Data, Catalyst
• Building support
• Concept of open source
• Promotion of specific products
• Struggling to meet expectations
• Satisfaction lower than many companies offering
  proprietary products
• Some companies offering proprietary products
  score much lower than open source

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What does it mean to be Open?
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Is Open Source ILS transformative

• Open source version of legacy models?
• Or
• New opportunities to support modern libraries?

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Opening up Library Systems through Web Services
and SOA Hype or Reality?

• This report aims to assess the current slate of
  major library automation systems in regard to
  their ability to provide openness through APIs,
  Web services, and the adoption of SOA.

Library Technology Reports Nov/Dec Issue 2009 by
Marshall Breeding
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Opening up Library Systems through Web Services
and SOA Hype or Reality?

• We also note that the two open source systems
  lag behind proprietary systems in terms of
  customer-facing APIs that result in tangible
  activities which extend functionality or enable
  interoperability.

Library Technology Reports Nov/Dec Issue 2009 by
Marshall Breeding
37
Opening up Library Systems through Web Services
and SOA Hype or Reality?

• The APIs available to library programmers
  continue to be quirky and less than
  comprehensive, even from the vendors with the
  strongest offerings in this area.

Library Technology Reports Nov/Dec Issue 2009 by
Marshall Breeding
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Closed Systems
End User Interfaces
No programmable Access to the system. Captive
to the user Interfaces supplied by the developer
Programmer access
Acquisitions
Circulation
Cataloging
Functional modules
Data Stores
Staff Interfaces
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Standard RDBM Systems
Database administrators can access data stores
involved with the system Read-only? Read/write?
Developer shares database schema
End User Interfaces
Programmer access
Acquisitions
Circulation
Cataloging
Functional modules
Data Stores
Staff Interfaces
40
Open Source Model
End User Interfaces
Programmer access
Acquisitions
Circulation
Cataloging
All aspects of the system available to inspection
and modification.
Functional modules
Data Stores
Staff Interfaces
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Open API Model
End User Interfaces
Programmer access
Core application closed. Third party developers
code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables.
Acquisitions
Circulation
Cataloging
Functional modules
Published APIs
Data Stores
Staff Interfaces
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Open Source / Open API Model
End User Interfaces
Programmer access
Core application closed. Third party developers
code against the published APIs or RDBMS tables.
Acquisitions
Circulation
Cataloging
Functional modules
Published APIs
Data Stores
Staff Interfaces
43
Visualizing the API
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Application based onInternal Proprietary
programming
Public Interface
Staff Interface
Reports Module
Delivered Interfaces
Core Functionality / Business Logic
Core Software
Data stores
45
Application with abstract Database API
Public Interface
Staff Interface
Reports Module
Delivered Interfaces
Core Functionality / Business Logic
Core Software
RDMS API
Data stores
46
Application with abstract Database API
Public Interface
Staff Interface
Reports Module
Delivered Interfaces
Core Functionality / Business Logic
External applications
Core Software
RDMS API
Data stores
47
Application with API abstraction layer
Public Interface
Staff Interface
Reports Module
Delivered Interfaces
Application Programming Interfaces
API abstraction layer
Core Functionality / Business Logic
Core Software
RDMS API
Data stores
48
Application API exposed to External Applications
Reports Module
Public Interface
Staff Interface
External applications
Delivered Interfaces
Application Programming Interfaces
API abstraction layer
Core Functionality / Business Logic
Core Software
RDMS API
Data stores
49
Application API exposed to External Applications
Reports Module
Public Interface
Staff Interface
External applications
Delivered Interfaces use proprietary programming
Core Functionality / Business Logic
Application Programming Interfaces
Core Software
RDMS API
Data stores
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New models of Library Collection Discovery

• From local discovery to Web-scale discovery

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Crowded Landscape of Information Providers on the
Web

• Lots of non-library Web destinations deliver
  content to library patrons
• Google Search / Google Scholar
• Amazon.com
• Wikipedia
• Ask.com

52
Evolution of library collection discovery tools

• Bound handwritten catalogs
• Card Catalogs
• Library online catalogs OPACs
• Discovery interfaces
• Web-scale discovery services

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Moving beyond this
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The Competition
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Disjointed approach to information and service
delivery

• Silos Prevail
• Books Library OPAC (ILS module)
• Articles Aggregated content products, e-journal
  collections
• OpenURL linking services
• E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link
  resolver)
• Local digital collections
• ETDs, photos, rich media collections
• Metasearch engines
• All searched separately

56
Lack of unified Web presence

• Users dont understand the distinctions we make
• Web site content
• Search interfaces based on content formats
• Non-library Web sites are much more unified

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A simple vision

• A single point of entry to all the content and
  services offered by the library
• but with precision, nuanced sophistication, and
  multiple dimensions

58
Modernized Interface

• Single search box
• Query tools
• Did you mean
• Type-ahead
• Relevance ranked results
• Faceted navigation
• Enhanced visual displays
• Cover art
• Summaries, reviews,
• Recommendation services

59
Online Catalog vs. Discovery Layer

• Online Catalog
• Interface conventions from an earlier Web era
• Scope Tied to the ILS and its content domain

• Discovery Layer
• Modern interface elements
• Scope aims to address broad range of components
  that constitute library collections

60
Discovery Products
http//www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl
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Decoupled from ILS
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Social discovery

• Tags, user-supplied ratings and reviews
• Leverage social networking interactions to assist
  readers in identifying interesting materials
  BiblioCommons
• Leverage use data for a recommendation service of
  scholarly content based on link resolver data Ex
  Libris bX service

63
Deep indexing

• Metadata can no longer serve as the only basis
  for discovery
• Increasing opportunities to search the full
  contents
• Google Library Print, Google Publisher, Open
  Content Alliance, government publications, etc.
• High-quality metadata will improve search
  precision
• Commercial search providers already offer search
  inside the book and searching across the full
  text of large book collections
• Important transition to full-text book search
  beginning in library projects
• HathiTrust indexing 6 million volumes
• Must become a routine component of library
  discovery
• Deep search highly improved by high-quality
  metadata

64
Discovery product Trend

• Initial products focused on technology
• AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VUfind
• Mostly locally-installed software
• Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes
  that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery
• Summon (Serials Solutions)
• WorldCat Local (OCLC)
• EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO)
• Primo Central
• Encore with Article Integration

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Beyond Federated search

• Federated Search / Metasearch use real-time
  queries against multiple information targets
• No centralized index presentation of dynamic
  results
• Shallow results -- only a few results initially
  fetched from each target
• Difficult to calculate relevancy
• Performance challenges

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Federated Search
ILS Data
Digital Collections
ProQuest
Search Results
EBSCOhost

MLA Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Real-time query and responses
67
Discovery Interface
ILS Data
Digital Collections
Local Index
ProQuest
Search Results
EBSCOhost
MetaSearch Engine

MLA Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Real-time query and responses
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Web-scale Search
ILS Data
Digital Collections
ProQuest
EBSCOhost
Search Results
Consolidated Index

MLA Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
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Web-scale Search Federated Search
ILS Data
Digital Collections
ProQuest

Consolidated Index
Search Results
MLA Bibliography
ABC-CLIO
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
FedSearch
Non-harvestable Resources
70
Beyond local discovery interfaces

• Pre-populated indexes
• Web-scale
• Exploits the full depth and breadth of library
  collections
• Beyond the bounds of the local librarys
  collection
• Targets the universe of objective, vetted library
  content
• Includes full-text indexing to the fullest extent
  possible

71
Pre-populated discovery services

• New-generation interface
• Harvested local content
• ILS metadata
• Institutional repositories, ETDs, Digital
  Collection platforms
• Vendor-supplied indexes of library content
• E-journals, databases, e-books
• Full-text and metadata corresponding to e-content
  subscriptions
• Book collections beyond local library collections

72
NCSU Summon
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Phoenix Public -- Endeca
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Queens Public AquaBrowser
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Mobile

• The next new front for Library Discovery

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Mobile access to library content and services

• New opportunity to retain and attract library
  users
• Mobile web and apps
• Working toward a unified Mobile library presence
• Unify disjointed mobile silos the same ambitions
  as we have for our the Web

77
Sampling of mobile products

• North Carolina State University
• Early work in mobile web development
• SirsiDynix BookMyne
• Polaris Mobile PAC
• Summon Mobile app
• LibraryAnywhere from LibraryThing
• Apps for many content products
• EBSCOhost Mobile

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NCSU Mobile
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Shift toward cloud-based computing platforms

• Highly abstracted model of computing
• Displaces the need for local hardware and
  software
• Provisioned on demand
• Metered use of storage and computing cycles
• Platform-as-a-service
• Storage-as-a-service
• Emerging model for library discovery and
  automation
• Increasingly dubbed Web-scale

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Libraries feel the pain of the economy

• Library funding cuts widespread
• Many automation projects on hold
• Pressure to accept lowest-cost alternatives
  rather than higher cost preferred options
• Hope that open source software will provide
  savings
• Economic pressure may necessitate innovation

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Outlook

• What will the library automation scene look like
  in 5 years?

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Outlook for the next 5 years

• Most libraries will be using evolved systems
• Confidence level 95og
• Increasing ranks of next-generation LMS
• 80
• Library resource discovery matures
• 90
• Mobile
• 80
• Transition from local to cloud computing
• 50

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Questions and discussion
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Thanks!