FOLDS AND STRUCTURES DUE TO FOLDING

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FOLDS AND STRUCTURES DUE TO FOLDING
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Folding generally takes place in areas of
sedimentary rocks that have been laid down in
horizontal layers called strata. When
compression produces thrust convergence, the
earth folds along lines of strength and weakness.
This creates long ranges of FOLD MOUNTAINS
Alps, Himalayas, Rockies
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The Alps
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Compressed into folds
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PARTS OF A FOLDANTICLINE the layers of rock
that bend up.
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ANTICLINE
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SYNCLINE The layers of rock that bend down
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SYNCLINE
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SYNCLINE
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Anticline
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Anticline(s)
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Faulting adjacent surfaces are displaced
relative to one another
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Normal Fault In normal faulting, the hanging wall
block moves down relative to the footwall
block. Normal faults are associated with crustal
TENSION.
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Normal Fault
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Reverse Fault In reverse faulting, the hanging
wall block moves up relative to the footwall
block. Reverse faults are associated with
crustal COMPRESSION and are also known as thrust
faults.
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Components of FAULTING
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A horst occurs when a mass of the earth's crust
that lies between two faults and is higher than
the surrounding land.
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A graben is an elongated depression between
geologic faults.
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Strike-slip Fault In strike-slip faulting, the
two blocks move either to the left or to the
right relative to one another.
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