in vitro fetilization

1
in vitro fetilization
I
V
F
2
Outline

• Definition
• Signs and symptoms
• Process of conception
• Types of infertility
• Causes of infertility
• Diagnostic studies
• Complication
• Treatment
• Prevention
• Summary
• References

3
Definition
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a procedure in
which eggs (ova) from a woman's ovary are
removed, they are fertilized with sperm in a
laboratory procedure, and then the fertilized egg
(embryo) is returned to the woman's uterus.
4
Signs and symptoms

• Most men with fertility problems have no signs
  or symptoms.
• Some men with hormonal problems may note a
  change in their voice
• or pattern of hair growth, enlargement of
  their breasts, or difficulty
• with sexual function

• Infertility in women may be signed by irregular
  menstrual periods
• or associated with conditions that cause pain
  during menstruation
• or intercourse.

5
Process of conception
Every month the pituitary gland in a woman's
brain sends a signal to her ovaries to prepare an
egg for ovulation. The pituitary hormones
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and
luteinizing hormone (LH) are involved in
stimulating the ovaries to bring an egg to
ovulation.
A large boost in LH carries a message to the
ovarian follicle to release its egg (ovulate). A
woman is most fertile at the time of ovulation
around day 14 of her menstrual cycle although
the exact time of ovulation varies among women
due to different lengths of menstrual cycles.
6
The egg is then captured by a fallopian tube
and is viable for about 24 hours, but its best
chance of being fertilized is within the first 12
hours following ovulation. For pregnancy to
occur, a sperm must unite with the egg in the
fallopian tube during this time.
Sperm are capable of fertilizing the egg for up
to 72 hours and must be present in the fallopian
tube at the same time as the egg for conception
to occur. If fertilized, the egg moves into the
uterus two to four days later. There it attaches
to the uterine lining and begins a nine-month
process of growth.
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
Types of infertility
Infertility was divided into two types Type I
never achieving a recognized pregnancy, Type II
conception but no live birth. Infertility is
broken down into male factor, female factor.
13

• Type of infertility common in lesbians? A new
  study suggests that lesbians may be more likely
  to suffer from a common cause of infertility

14
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES

1. Hormonal Studies (Estradiol , FSH, LH , ...)
2. Endometrial Biopsy
3. Ultrasound Testing
4. Laparoscopy
5. Semen Analysis
6. The Postcoital Test (PCT)
7. Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

15
Causes of infertility
Female infertility
16

• Ovulation problems

• Annovulation lack of ovulation
• Oligoovulation infrequent ovulation
• Luteal phase defects

• Tubal problems

affect their ability to pick up the egg

• Infection

Sexually transmitted diseases , Previous pelvic
infection , infection from internal organs
17

• Previous ectopic pregnancy

• Surgery

• Endometriosis

18
(No Transcript)
19

• Uterine problems

• Fibroids
• Uterine Polyps

20
(No Transcript)
21
Male infertility
22

• no sperm in the ejaculate
• poor sperm quantity or quality
• Age
• Emotional stress
• smoking

23
TREATMENT OF INFERTILITY
24
Ovulation induction

• Clomid (Clomiphene)/ Tamoxifen Clomid blocks the
  estrogen receptors on the hypothalamus causing
  them to think there is estrogen deficiency
• Bromocriptine / Cabergoline / Quinagolide reduce
  prolactin secretion
• hMG (pergonal, menogon) hMG contains both FSH
  and LH hormones
• FSH (metrodin) stimulates the ovaries to
  produce multiple follicles .
• LH (luteinizing hormone) Gonal F and Puregon
• hCG (profasi and pregnyl )
• pulsatile GnRh (Fertiral )

25
Complication

• Complications of being infertile often involve
  strong emotions and may trigger negative feelings
  between you and your partner. These may include

• Depression
• Guilt
• Anger
• Stress
• Disappointment
• Fear of losing partner because of infertility
• Diminished confidence and self-esteem

26
Prevention

• For male
• Most types of male infertility aren't
  preventable. However, avoid drug and tobacco use
  and excessive alcohol consumption, which may
  contribute to male infertility. Also, high
  temperatures can affect sperm production and
  motility
• For female
• A woman can increase her chances of becoming
  pregnant in a number of ways
• Exercise moderately
• Avoid weight extremes
• Avoid alcohol, tobacco and street drugs

27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
????? ?? ??????
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
References

• www.ansewr.com
• Boggs, William M., and Rosella D. Smith. The
  Journey to Fertility A Couple's Guide to In
  Vitro Fertilization. Timonium, MD Wilrose Books,
  2001
• http//www.emedicin.com/emerg/topic507.htm
• http//www.umm.edu/ency/article/001600.htm
• Burroughs.A,etal.(2001)8th maternity nursing, an
  introductory text. W.B. Saunders company.
  Philadelphia London new York st. Louis