Middle East Review for Test

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Middle East Review for Test

• Essay Topic Conflicts in the Middle East
  (Persian Gulf War, Arab-Israeli Conflict etc.)
• Complete CASTELEARNING

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1. Geography of Middle East

• Arid climate
• Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia, Cradle of
  Civilization).
• Sahara Desert, Nile River

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2. Area of importance

• Crossroads of the Continents- trade
• Birthplace of religion- Judaism, Islam and
  Christianity.
• Oil reserves

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3. Conflict in the Middle East

• Religious wars over holy land.
• Nationalism
• Oil
• Imperialism

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4. PLO

• Palestinian Liberation Organization
• Yassir Arafat
• Wants to regain Palestine from the Jews.
• Terrorist organization

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5. Arab Israeli Conflict

• Balfour declaration promised the land to the
  Jews.
• Zionism- establishment of a homeland for Jews.
  Gained support after Holocaust.
• Both claim their religion began there.
• Both claim they have an historical tie to the
  land.
• Conflict is unresolved. Continued Terrorist
  activities. Continued peace negotiations.

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6. Camp David Accords

• First peace treaty in the Middle East.
• Israel- Begin, Egypt- Sadat, U.S.- Carter.
• Egypt officially recognizes Israel.
• Win Nobel Prize.
• Sadat assassinated

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7. Iranian Revolution

• Shah tried to modernize and westernize.a
• Emancipated women.
• Overthrown- comes to U.S.
• Khomeini establishes an Islamic Fundamentalist
  government.
• Take 50 hostages for 444 days.

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8. Iran-Iraq War

• Border dispute (Shatt al Arab waterway)
• Lasted 8 years.
• Iraq wins, but suffers huge losses.
• Iraq invades Kuwait (wealthy nation).

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9. Libya

• Country tied to terrorism.
• 1986 President Reagan bombed terrorist training
  camps in Libya in retaliation for the bombing of
  a nightclub in Berlin where U.S. service men were
  killed.

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10. Nationalism

• Cause of conflict in the Middle East.
• Arab-Israeli conflict- Arab nationalism and
  Jewish nationalism

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11. Zionism

• 1898 founded by Theodor Herzel.
• Did not gain support until after the Holocaust.
• Created world wide support- led to the creation
  of Israel.

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12. Gulf War

• Hussein invaded Kuwait (because of Iran-Iraq
  War).
• U.N. military action.
• Hussein removed from Kuwait.
• Allowed to remain in power.
• Economic sanctions.