Broadband Technologies

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Broadband Technologies Trends in mobile
broadband equipment for end users
Ljubica Markovic, M.Sc.E.E, Marija
Rajkovic,M.Sc.E.E, Mirjana Arsekic-Krakovic,
M.Sc.E.E, Milan Jankovic, Ph.D.E.E.
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CONTENT

• Review of WiFi technologies
• Review of mobile technologies
• More Powerful Smartphones
• Mobile services and applications
• IMT devices for 2020 and beyond
• Impact of new legislation- Directive 2014/53/EU
• Directive 2014/53/EU - Universal Charger
• Directive 2014/53/EU- Radio receiver and antenna
  requirements
• State of play in the RoS
• Conclusion

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Wi-Fi exists in so many
products of so many types

• Many thousands of Wi-Fi devices mobile handsets,
  consumer electronics, networking equipment, PCs
  and computing devices and other

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...but more importantly because it
appears that most of us cant live without it
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Review of WiFi technologies -
802.11b/g/n

• 802.11b is on its way to the past!
• Most modern Wi-Fi devices operating at 2.4GHz
  support 802.11g/n (OFDM), 802.11b (CCK) 802.11
  (DSSS) rates
• The problem is that the low rates supported by
  CCK and DSSS are incredibly wasteful of spectrum
  resources
• Some in the industry would like to ban completely
  the use of CCK and DSSS, but a more likely
  scenario is that it is made optional over a
  period of time allowed to go gracefully

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Review of WiFi technologies -
802.11a/n/ac

• WLAN 802.11 a/n 5 GHz 20, 40 MHz rate from 54
  Mbit/s to 600 Mbit/s)
• 802.11ac, the next generation of Wi-Fi is here
• Similar to 802.11n but better
• Voice/video/data for consumer/enterprise
• Evolutionary extension of 802.11n for 5GHz
• Plus MU-MIMO vehicle for standardised Suite-B
• Similar range to 802.11n
• Faster than 802.11n realistically up to 2.5
  Gb/s
• Wider bandwidth options in 11ac 80MHz, 160MHz,
  and 8080MHz
• Multi-user MIMO in 802.11ac sends multiple frames
  to multiple receivers

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Review of WiFi technologies 802.11ad

• WLAN 802.11 ad use of 60GHz, very high rate
• ( gt1Gb/s) , beam formed, room area networking
• About 7 GHz of spectrum available (varies by
  country)
• Can go very fast even with only one RF chain
• Potential for lower cost and lower energy per bit
• 5mm wavelength and multiple (lt64) antennas can
  beamform for more range less interference
• Room area networking easily blocked by humans,
  whiteboards, books, wall concrete
• Potential applications wireless docking ,
  wireless peripherals, Syncngo, HDMI replacement
  , WLAN applications so that our workplace of the
  future is wire free (except maybe the power
  cable)

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Review of WiFi technologies
802.11ah

• WLAN 802.11ah focused on applications below 1
  GHz for lower power/rates longer range
• Spectrum in Europe 868-868.6 MHz,
• Channel width 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 MHz
• Rate gt 100kb/s (less than traditional 802.11)
• Range lt 1km
• new functionality support for a large number of
  stations, power saving enhancements, channel
  access enhancements, throughput enhancements
• Commercial chips from 2015.

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Review of WiFi technologies 802.11af

• 802.11af defines operations in TV White Space
  bands (the repacking of TV bands in many
  countries has resulted in opportunity for new
  unlicensed spectrum
• New rules are being designed to protect existing
  users from interference from unlicensed devices
  (e.g. digital TV and wireless microphones)
• Uses a database to avoid interfering with primary
  users geolocation data base contains info about
  protected users it will be able to authorise the
  use of a channel at a particular time, location
  power for unlicensed operation)
• Spectrum 470-698 MHz (UHF), VHF varies by
  country
• Channel width 6, 7, 8 MHz (vs 20/40 MHz in
  802.11n), scaled to TV channel bandwidths
• Rate Less than traditional 802.11 due to narrow
  channels
• Range More (3.5x) than traditional 802.11 due
  to superior propagation of TVWS
• Regulations are not yet in place in most/all
  countries
• Likely some of todays TVWS will be allocated to
  cellular In Europe, more is being used for
  cellular and DTTV than expected

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Review of WiFi technologies 802.11ax- HEW

• 802.11 HEW SG has been discussing drivers,
  environments applications for Wi-Fi next gen
• Increased usage of mobile devices in dense
  environments and outdoors
• Evolution of Wi-Fi application
• More uplink traffic
• More peer to peer operation
• Higher per user throughput
• Environments enterprise, office, hotspots in
  public places, outdoor hotspots, home/apartments,
  campus, airplane/bus/train/ship
• New applications small wireless docking, unified
  communications, display sharing, cloud computing,
  video distribution, Progressive streamingUser
  Generated Content (UGC) Upload Sharing,
  interactive gaming and real-time video analytics

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My life without a Smartphone?
Mobile World
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Review of mobile technologies (1)

• Mobile access
• 2G
• GSM CSD (Circuit Switched Data) up/down 9.6
  kbit/s
• GSM CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data) up/down
  19.2 kbit/s
• 2.5G GSM GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
• up/down 56-115 kbit/s
• 2.75G GSM EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM
  Evolution) up/down 237 kbit/s
• 3G
• UMTS WCDMA up/down 0.4 Mbit/s
• UMTS HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) up 5.8
  Mbit/s
• down 14.4 Mbit/s
• UMTS TDD up/down 16 Mbit/s
• GSM EDGE Evolution up 0.7 Mbit/s, down 1.6
  Mbit/s

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Review of mobile technologies (2)

• 4G
• HSPA up 5.8-168 Mbit/s, down 21-672 Mbit/s
• LTE up 50-75 Mbit/s, down 100-300 Mbit/s
• LTE Advanced up/d?wn 100 Mbit/s (movment) or up
  1000 Mbit/s (stationary)
• 802.16e Mobile WiMAX up 17 Mbit/s, down 37
  Mbit/s
• 802.16m Mobile WiMAX (WirelessMAN Advanced) up
  376 Mbit/s, down 365 Mbit/s
• Mobile handsets available with combination of GSM
  900/DCS 1800/
• UMTS 900(FDD VIII)/UMTS 2100(FDD I)/LTE
  900(FDD VIII)/LTE 1800(FDD III)/
• LTE 2100(FDD I)/LTE2600(FDD VII)
  frequencies
• Europe has seen a significant technology shift in
  recent years, with the proportion of 3G handsets
  increasing sharply. From around a fifth of total
  handsets in 2008, 3G devices now account for over
  half of all devices in Europe, a figure that we
  expect to peak at almost 61 in 2015.
• LTE devices today represent only a small
  proportion of devices, at just 0.3 at the end of
  2012.
• LTE network coverage slowly improves and the
  price of 4G devices declines further, LTE should
  account for 20 of total devices by 2017.

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Review of mobile technologies (3)

• Rolling out mobile broadband in Europe using the
  800MHz band will make a significant contribution
  to economic growth
• BCG suggests it could add 119B to EU GDP in the
  period out to 2020 as well as contributing a
  further 23B to public funding during this
  period.
• The GDP impact comes from a range of factors
• the creation of new business activities
• improved productivity for businesses accessing
  and using the internet
• the revenues and network investment from the
  mobile operators themselves.
• Additional challenges for countries who delay the
  release of spectrum to cause interference in
  neighboring countries.
• Benefits will be substantially reduced if the
  countries with derogations delay releasing this
  spectrum until 2017, which could reduce
• the overall GDP benefit in 2020 by 16B (a 13
  reduction compared to the base case) and the tax
  benefit by 3B.
• the number of new jobs created would fall by
  67,000 and the number of number of new businesses
  by 26,000

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More Powerful Smartphones

• The European mobile industry is one of the most
  successful in the world and has a strong track
  record in innovation and developing new services.
• Smartphones are becoming far more powerful than
  the desktops of just a few years ago.
• Competition and price cuts have increased the
  affordability of mobile services for consumers,
  leading to penetration rates in terms of both
  unique subscribers and smartphones that are
  amongst the highest in the world.
• EU institutions and the mobile industry have a
  common agenda namely building a Connected Europe
  which
• Encourages investment in mobile connectivity
• Enables innovation in new content and services
• Builds consumer confidence in mobile services and
  applications

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Mobile Services and applications
(1)

• More advanced computing capability and
  connectivity, typically include the features of a
  computer with those of another popular consumer
  device, such as a personal digital assistant
  (PDA), a media player, a digital camera, direct
  Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, SRD (5725-5875 MHz) and/or a
  GPS navigation unit
• Later smartphones include all of those plus the
  features of a touchscreen computer, including web
  browsing, 3rd-party apps, motion sensors and
  mobile payment
• Currently, about 80 of handset sales worldwide
  are for devices driven by Googles Android and
  Apples iOS mobile operating systems

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Mobile services and applications (2)

• Third Wave opens up opportunities for a range of
  new services
• mCommerce ticketing, payments,access control,
  couponing
• mEducation learning solutions
• mHealthcare remotely,wellness and prevention,
  chronic desease menagement, diagnosis
• mAutomotive eCall
• Smart Cities Climate Street, fire brigade,
  police, traffic management
• mIdentity accessing personal data securely,
  banking and financial services, signing documents
  on the go, mobile voting, access to eGovernment
  services (e.g. pensions, social security
  payments), birth/life events registration (e.g.
  birth, death, marriage certificates), unlocking
  secure premises etc.

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Mobile services and applications (3)

• Mobile payments is a broad concept and it can
  refer to different things including
• premium SMS based transactional payments
• direct mobile billing
• Mobile web payments (WAP)
• contactless payments (Near Field Communication
  NFC payments)
• One of the key enablers of mCommerce is
  SIM-enabled Near Field Communications
• (NFC) - a contactless radio technology that can
  transmit data between two devices within a few
  centimetres of each other. NFC 13,56 MHz chips
  are now being embedded into mobile phones,
  enabling an array of new digital services
• NFC mobile services deployed in a number of
  French cities (Nice, Strasbourg)
• Swedish mobile operators Telia, Tele2, Telenor
  and Three have launched WyWallet

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IMT devices for 2020 and beyond

• The high-level requirements of future IMT devices
  
• very high system capacity and extremely high
  data rates
• massive deployment of ubiquitous machine-type
  devices connectivity
• variety of applications and environments
• reduced cost, best ever/better energy saving and
  system robustness
• high-level of security
• more efficient spectrum utilization
• enhanced self-awareness and self-adaptability
• very high mobility with a high level of user
  experience
• very low latency and higher reliability

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Impact of new legislation -
Directive 2014/53/EU

• Facilitate access to market
• 2014/53/EU Radio Equipment Directive
  (RED)Member states no longer required to notify
  interfaces which
• Are covered by a Commission Decision under
  676/2002/EC (Radio Spectrum Decision), or
• Correspond to a class of equivalent interfaces
  that can be used anywhere in the Union (specified
  via implementing act)
• Manufacturers no longer required to inform Member
  State before placing on the market equipment that
  uses non-harmonised spectrum
• Manufacturer to check in EFIS if frequencies are
  available
• Frequency power to be included in user
  instructions
• No Alert symbol
• Requirements to be invoked as necessary ....can
  only load compliant software

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Directive 2014/53/EU - Universal
Charger

• Directive includes specific requirements for
  Universal Charger as the essential requirements
• In particular, mobile phones that are made
  available on the market should be compatible with
  a common charger
• Interoperability between radio equipment and
  accessories such as chargers simplifies the use
  of radio equipment and reduces unnecessary waste
  and costs
• A renewed effort to develop a common charger for
  particular categories or classes of radio
  equipment is necessary, in particular for the
  benefit of consumers and other end-users

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Directive 2014/53/EU- Radio receiver
and antenna requirements (1)

• Increased emphasis on efficient use of spectrum,
  in particular by improving radio receiver
  requirements
• Clear scope (but still some boundaries purpose
  of spectrum use)
• Technical support relating to performance of
  antennas of mobile phones
• Sensitivity varies significantly between phone
  models
• Higher Performance antennas requirements (B2B)
• Need to ensure it will not increase SAR exposure
  (vulnerable consumers)

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Directive 2014/53/EU- Radio receiver
and antenna requirements (2)

• Revision of Harmonised Standards to provide
  presumption of conformity with RTTE (RED) to
  ensure enhanced receiver requirements
• A labelling scheme appeared more problematic
• There was no clear consensus whether such a label
  would be well understood by consumers, although
  certain Member States considered that such a
  scheme would be important to improve transparency
  for consumers
• Other member states pointed to network coverage
  as being a strong contributing factor to problems
  experienced by users, and emphasised the work
  undertaken in CEPT to harmonise the harmonisation
  of methods to assess licensing conditions for
  coverage

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State of play in the Republic of
Serbia (1)

• In total revenues in the electronic
  communications in the RoS in 2013, the largest
  share in total income has been realized from the
  provision of mobile telephony services in the
  amount of 878 million EUR, which represents 57
  of total revenue.

• The largest share in terms of investments in the
  telecom market in SEE went once again to mobile
  telephony with 60.4.

Source RATEL -An Overview of Telecom Market in
the Republic of Serbia in 2013
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State of play in the Republic of
Serbia(2)
Import of products by value in mil.EUR
Vendors by value in
The countries from which the imports, the value
of the mil.EUR
Source Chember of Commerce and Industry od Serbia
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Conclusion

• The third wave of mobile connecting almost
  anything and anyone presents an opportunity to
  drive growth and innovation
• Building consumer confidence and trust in mobile
  services and applications
• Helping consumer choices meaningful consistent
  rules for all services
• Network and information security focus on
  cooperation at international level
• Data protection need for consistent privacy
  experiences
• Protect children from the risks that come with
  increased access to the Internet, mobile
  operators should working closely with governments
  and NGOs to empower them to take appropriate
  action when required.
• The race starts now !
• Ready?

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Regulatory Agency for Electronic Communications
and Postal Services

• Thank you for your attention