Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

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Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

1. Talk with your table partner about answers to
   these What is DNAs job in a cell? What does it
   do?
2. What is a trait? Name as many different traits
   that you can think of for a human being.

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Homework

• Energy Test due Thursday

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Objective Central Question

• How do you get from a string of 6 chemicals to
  all your physical characteristics, or all of a
  bacteriums or all of a plants etc.
• Today is to get a broad overview of the process.
  Protein synthesis getting from DNA to a trait.

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Protein Synthesis

• Synthesis
• What does it mean to synthesize something?
• Transcription
• What does it mean to transcribe something?
• Translation
• What does it mean to translate something?

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Central Dogma Protein Synthesis

• DNA ---gt ______ ---gt _________ ---gt Trait

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Central Dogma Protein Synthesis

• DNA ---gt RNA ---gt Protein ---gt Trait

Transcription
Translation
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Protein Synthesis

• Protein synthesis is also called getting from
  genotype to phenotype.
• Genotype your DNA sequence
• Phenotype the physical trait you have because
  of that DNA sequence

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RNA

• RNA Ribonucleic acid
• Molecule made of nucleotides that assist DNA in
  giving orders.

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Compare Contrast
DNA
RNA
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Macromolecules Cell Parts
Genetic material Blueprint for cell
Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen
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Is it DNA or RNA?

• ATTCGCGTG
• TAAGCGCAC
• GCCUAUGCGGGA
• CCATCGGGCAAC

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Transcription

• Starting from the beginning
• http//www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/ani
  mation/gene/gene_a2.html

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Transcription

• Transcription a strand of mRNA is made using a
  strand of DNA as a template.
• It happens in the nucleus.
• The RNA strand is made by matching free-floating
  RNA nucleotides to the DNA strand sequence,
  making an RNA strand thats perfectly
  complementary.
• Which process that weve already learned does
  this remind you of?
• mRNA Messenger RNA.

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Transcription

• Say that this is my DNA molecule.
• AATGCGATGCATGCTAAAGCTAGA
• TTACGCTACGTACGATTTCGATCT
• During transcription, the two strands will unzip.
• The strand that RNA is NOT made from gene
  strand.
• The strand that RNA IS made from template
  strand.

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Transcription

• What will the mRNA sequence be if the top strand
  is the template strand?
• AATGCGATGCATGCTAAAGCTAGA
• TTACGCTACGTACGATTTCGATCT
• Which strand, gene or template, does the base
  sequence of the mRNA come out identical to?
  (Except that T U)

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• mRNA then leaves the nucleus, and goes to the
  ribosome. The rest of protein synthesis happens
  in the ribosome.

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Can you complete these questions?

• ____ -gt _____ -gt ________ -gt _______
• Also label the first two arrows.
• Where does transcription take place in the cell?
• If this DNA molecule undergoes transcription,
  write the RNA molecule that results, and label
  which strand of DNA you used for the template and
  which is the gene strand. Lastly, what KIND of
  RNA did you make?
• CGTTCGACTGATCGT
• GCAAGCTGACTAGCA

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Vocabulary

• Protein synthesis
• Genotype
• Phenotype
• Trait
• Transcription
• RNA
• mRNA
• Gene strand
• Template strand