Monday - Day 1 Oil

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Monday - Day 1Oil

• Non-renewable Energy Resource

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Objectives

• What are the different forms and sources of
  energy
• What sources of energy are renewable or
  non-renewable energy?
• What are fossil fuels?
• Oil Sands Lab Alberta Energy

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Classifying Energy Forms
Potential Kinetic

• Gravitational Potential energy due to the
  position of an object.
• Chemical Potential energy present within the
  chemical bonds of a substance.
• Elastic potential energy of a stretched or
  compressed object.
• Nuclear potential energy of particles inside an
  atomic nucleus.

• Radiant solar energy the motion of EMR
• Sound energy the motion of sound waves
• Electrical energy the motion of flowing
  electrons
• Thermal energy the motion of particles

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Sources of Energy How do we Produce Energy for
our Needs?
Originate From Solar Energy Do NOT Originate from Solar Energy

• Direct solar (e.g. photovoltaic panels)
• Biomass (e.g. wood, manure, ethanol)
• Hydro
• Wind
• Fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, petroleum)

• Tidal and wave
• Geothermal
• Nuclear fission

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Renewable vs. Non-Renewable Energy Energy
Transformations

• What are the differences?
• Non-renewable energy sources
• Renewable energy sources

• are extracted from the Earth as resources that
  are finite and may last, at most, for a few
  hundred years

• are continuously replenished or renewed by energy
  from the Sun
• are considered renewable because they will last
  indefinitely

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Fossil Fuels

• Fossil fuels are considered to originate from
  solar energy because they are the remains of
  ancient biomass that was buried and did not
  completely decompose.
• Fossils fuels include coal, natural gas, and
  petroleum.

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Fossil Fuels
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• The conditions on Earth that created fossil fuels
  are no longer present, so fossil fuels are a
  non-renewable resource.
• The energy transformation that occurred to
  produce fossil fuels is
• Radiant solar energy -gt chemical potential energy

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Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels
1. Fossil fuels must first be extracted.
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Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels

• 2. The fuel must then be burned.

The energy transformation that occurs during this
stage is chemical potential energy -gt thermal
energy
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Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels

• 3. The heat from burning the fuel is used to
  produce steam and turn a turbine.

The energy transformation that occurs during this
stage is thermal energy -gt kinetic energy
(spinning turbine)
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Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels

• 4. The spinning turbine is hooked to a generator
  with a coil of wire and a magnet

The energy transformation that occurs during this
stage is kinetic energy (spinning turbine) -gt
electrical energy
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Generating Energy Using Fossil Fuels
The energy transformation that occurs in a
coal-fired power plant is chemical potential
energy -gt thermal energy -gt kinetic energy
(spinning turbine) -gt electrical energy
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Advantages of Using Fossil Fuels to Generate
Energy

• Dependable
• Existing infrastructure
• Easier to contain and/or transport than other
  sources
• Cheaper than some other sources
• Fossil-fuel plants can be built anywhere

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Disadvantages of Using Fossil Fuels to Generate
Energy

• Pollution SOx(g), NOx(g), particulates, and
  CO2(g)
• Non-renewable
• Spills and leaks environmental damage
• Many sources are from politically unstable
  countries

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Alberta Oil

• Oil sands

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New English Words ?

• mine
• bitumen
• asfalt
• skum
• Hetteglass
• equilibrium

• Mine
• Bitumen
• Asphalt
• Froth
• Vial
• Equilibrium

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Fort McMurray Athabasca region (about 450 kms
north of Edmonton)
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Oil Sands Facts

• The oil sands deposits contain 1.7 trillion
  barrels of bitumen.
• This oil potential is greater than the oil
  reserves of Saudi Arabia.
• Challenge Try to recover as much bitumen as
  possible from the sand.

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Where is the oil . . .really?

• Have one of your group members obtain a small
  sample of oil sands on a glass plate.
• Use a microscope to get a closer look.
• Where is the oil?
• In your groups come up with as many ideas about
  how you could remove the oil from the sand.

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Oil Sands Field trip
https//www.dropbox.com/s/gj5c13hu9c9iryw/Oilsands
20field20trip201.m4v
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Oil Sands Science in the Sand Activity

• Procedure
• Safety Do not overheat the vialsthey may
  explode from air pressure. Be cautious with the
  hot water (and glass). Wear safety glasses and a
  laboratory apron.
• 1. Obtain 2 glass vials and mark them for
  temperature (one at 20 oC 60 oC).
• 2. Measure out 3 cm of oil sands into each vial.
• 3. Measure out 3 cm of pH 9 solution into each
  vial.

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• 4. Place the 60 oC vial vertically in an empty
  150 mL beaker. Place the 20 oC vial vertically
  on the counter top.
• 5. Add enough boiling water (e.g., 100 mL) to
  three-quarters immerse the 60 oC vial (to a
  controlled height) for about 5 min (for an
  equilibrium temperature of about 60 oC).
• 6. Measure and record the temperature of the
  water in the bath/beaker at the equilibrium.

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• 7. Remove the vial by grasping the plastic cap
  and avoiding the hot water.
• 8. Wrap several layers of paper towel around each
  (20 oC and 60 oC) vial and hold tightly.
• 9. Shake the vials for 45 s horizontally and 15
  s vertically and set it to settle for 5 min.
• 10. Record evidence of the relative quantity of
  bitumen froth, water colour, bitumen layer on the
  sand, and bitumen bits in the sand.

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Problem Tailings Ponds
https//www.dropbox.com/home/Norway/G120Oilsands
20Extraction