First Aid and Safety NOT including CPR Prepared for Health Education class at the Arts Academy at Benjamin Rush School District of Philadelphia Teacher: Todd Corabi

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First Aid and SafetyNOT including CPRPrepared
for Health Education classat the Arts Academy at
Benjamin RushSchool District of
PhiladelphiaTeacher Todd Corabi
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Personal Safety and Injury Prevention

• There are numerous areas that people need to stay
  safe and protect themselves.
• This powerpoint will help to make people safety
  conscious AND give tips for basic first aid for
  many potential accidents and situations

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Safety First

• In the United States, more than 90,000 deaths
  occur each year due to accidents. Some of these
  accidents could be prevented if a person was
  safety conscious. That means to be aware that
  safety is important and to be careful to act in a
  safe manner
• Prevention is the best way to avoid and reduce
  risks.
• Prevention includes thinking ahead (preparation)
• trying to spot possible hazards before accidents
  occur (observation)
• Doing safe acts to prevent accidents (prevention)

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How Accidental Injuries Occur

• Many, but not all, accidental injuries happen
  because people become careless.
• They are often the result of an accident chain,
  a sequence of events that leads to an
  unintentional injury.

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The Accident Chain
The situation Nicole has overslept. She is
rushing to put her jacket on and eat breakfast so
that she doesnt miss the bus. The unsafe habit
When Nicole takes off her skates, she usually
leaves them on the front steps. The unsafe
action Nicole is thinking only of getting to the
bus stop. She races out of the door without
looking where she is going. The accident Nicole
trips over her skates and falls forward onto the
sidewalk. The result When she falls, Nicole
sprains her wrist and scrapes both hands. She
also misses her bus.
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Breaking the Accident Chain

• By breaking just one link, you can disable the
  accident chain and prevent accidental injuries.
• To break the accident chain
• Change the situation.
• Change the unsafe action.
• Change the unsafe habit.

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Breaking the Accident Chain (contd.)
What actions could Nicole have taken to break a
link in the accident chain? (notes version of
slide has possible answers)
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Steps to Take in an Emergency
People can get injured or ill at any time and in
any place. If a person has a serious or
life-threatening problem, he or she will need
emergency care. Always have a basic first aid
kit ready with AT LEAST various band aids,
bandages, non-latex gloves, alcohol swabs,
tweezers, scissors, and gauze pads.
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Steps to Take in an Emergency
Check the Scene for safety If you get hurt,
you cant help someone else Check the
Person Unconscious vs Conscious see next
slide(s) CALL for help Yell out loud for help
from people around you, CALL 911, notify someone
in charge (if applicable), Call/send for
AED Care for person Using basic first
aid/safety/CPR skills
CHECK CALL CARE
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CHECK THE PERSON
Unconscious vs Conscious people Conscious
Adults and older teens Approach calmly, get
permission, do a head to toe assessment looking
for obvious signs of trauma (broken bones, cuts,
bleeding, etc) and asking questions Younger
teens and children ESPECIALLY little
kids Approach calmly, get their parents
permission if possible, do a toe to head
assessment at their level (kneeling or sitting)
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When to call 911????..EMERGENCIES
Examples include but are not limited to No signs
of life, Unconsciousness, Deep burns,, trouble
breathing (with no response from Asthma inhalers
if Asthmatic), persistent chest pain, vomiting
blood, seizures, head injuries, broken bones
through skin, perceived neck/back injury

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Prevention and First Aid

• It is obviously better to prevent and avoid
  accidents by being safe and being safety
  conscious. However, even if we do everything we
  can to prevent accidents, sometimes, they still
  occur.
• The following slides will take SEVERAL situations
  and
• Present to you basic prevention and first aid
  treatment

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VARIOUS SITUATIONS with their BASIC first aid

• BLEEDING and CUTS

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Stopping Severe Bleeding

• To stop or slow blood loss, use the following
  methods
• Cover the wound with a clean cloth and press
  firmly against the wound with your hand. If it
  becomes soakeduse an additional clean cloth
• If possible, elevate the wound above the level of
  the heart to slow blood flow.
• Remember to always use gloves when treating
  someone else to avoid contact with blood that may
  be infected with HIV

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VARIOUS SITUATIONS with their BASIC first aid

• Poisoning

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Poisoning

• PREVENTION
• Dont drink ANYTHING if you dont know what it
  is.
• Keep cleaning fluids locked and away from
  children
• Teach children to never drink anything unless
  given to them by an adult

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Preventing Poisonings continued

• To prevent accidental poisonings
• Never refer to a childs medicine or vitamins as
  candy.
• Make sure that all medicines have child-resistant
  caps.
• Put all medicines and poisonous substances away
  immediately after using them.
• Keep all cleaning products in their original,
  labeled containers.
• Store all potentially poisonous substances in
  high cabinets, out of childrens reach. If
  possible, keep the cabinets locked.

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Poisoning

• TREATMENT
• Poisoning Call 911 or local poison control
  center (number in front of phone book) and follow
  the instructions you receive.
• Save the container of the substance responsible
  for the poisoning for hospital and medical care
• Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by
  911 or local poison control center

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VARIOUS SITUATIONS with their BASIC first aid

• Burns

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Treating Burns

• There are three main types of burns
• First-degree burn A burn in which only the outer
  layer of skin is burned and turns red (example
  sun burn)
• Second-degree burn A moderately serious burn in
  which the burned area blisters
• (curling iron, hot pot handle, hot water, hot
  steam)
• Third-degree burn A very serious burn in which
  all layers of the skin are damaged
• (call 911, usually from fire, electricity or
  chemicals but possible from scolding hot water)

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Treating Burns (cont)

• Prevention
• First-degree burn Use sun block, avoid contact
  with hot objects (duh)
• Second-degree burn Keep pot handles turned IN so
  they cant be knocked into or grabbed for
  example.
• Third-degree burn Use protective gloves, eye
  wear, clothes and/or tools (such as when dealing
  with chemicals, fireplaces, grills, wires, etc)

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Treating Burns (contd.)

• Here is how each type of burn should be treated
• First-degree burn Flush the burned area with
  cold water (not ice) for at least 15 minutes
  then wrap loosely in clean dressing. You may
  then use ice if desired
• Second-degree burn Minor second-degree burns can
  be treated by flushing the affected area with
  cold water (not ice) and elevating the burned
  area. Wrap in clean dressing..do not pop
  blisters
• Third-degree burn Call 911 or an ambulance at
  once. Do not attempt to remove burned clothing.
  While waiting for medical help, keep the victim
  still and have him or her sip fluids.
• NOTE If a burn is from electric or chemicals DO
  NOT use water or ice!!!!!!!

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VARIOUS SITUATIONS with their BASIC first aid

• FIRE Safety

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Fire Safety

• Here are some of the leading causes of fires in
  the home
• Careless cooking habits
• Careless cigarette smoking
• Improper storage of flammable materials
• Electrical overload or damaged electrical
  circuits and wiring

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Preventing Fires

• You can prevent fires by taking the following
  safety measures
• Keep stoves and ovens clean.
• Store matches and cigarette lighters in safe
  places, out of the reach of children.
• Check electrical appliances for loose or damaged
  cords. Repair or replace damaged appliances and
  broken outlets.
• If you smoke..never smoke in bed and make sure
  all cigarettes and ashes are out before
  throwing away

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Being Prepared for a Fire

• Smoke alarms can provide a strong defense against
  injuries or death from fires.
• Keep the following points in mind when using
  smoke alarms
• Install a smoke alarm on every level of the
  house, preferably outside a sleeping area and in
  every room.
• Check smoke alarms once a month by pushing the
  test button. Also, change their batteries at
  least once a year.

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Being Prepared for a Fire (contd.)
Water will put out fires in which paper, wood, or
cloth is burning. However, water must not be used
on oil, grease, or electrical fires. If a small
grease fire starts in the kitchen, turn off heat,
cover to smother flames. However, small fires
get big FAST!!! For this reason, every home
needs at least one fire extinguisher.
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Being Prepared for a Fire (contd.)

• Own a fire extinguisher and take the following
  precautions when using a fire extinguisher
• Make sure that you read and understand the
  instructions so that you can operate it in an
  emergency.
• Check the pressure gauge periodically to make
  sure that the fire extinguisher is ready to use.
• Replace or recharge it as necessary.

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Being Prepared for a Fire (contd.)

• Here are some important points when escaping from
  fire
• Plan escape routes with your family in case of
  fire.
• Most fatal fires occur during the night, so every
  escape route should begin in a bedroom.
• A window with a fire escape or a ladder may save
  a life if flames, heat, or smoke block a bedroom
  door.
• Decide on a meeting point outside so that
  everybody knows whether people are safe.
• Practice the escape plan by holding a family fire
  drill every six months.

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Escaping a Fire

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Escaping a Fire (contd.)

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Escaping a Fire (contd.)

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VARIOUS SITUATIONS with their BASIC first aid

• Falls, bruises, sprains, strains, broken bones

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Preventing Falls

• These safety rules can help you prevent falls
• In the kitchen Clean up spills right away.
• In the bathroom Put a nonskid mat on the bottom
  of the tub or shower.
• On the stairs Keep all staircases well lit.
• At school Follow school rules related to safety.

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Sprains and Bruises

• Sprains and bruises
• Tell the victim not to use the injured body part.
  Then use the R.I.C.E. formula
• Rest
• Ice
• Compression
• Elevation

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BROKEN BONES

• Broken bones Because moving broken bones can
  cause further injury, have the person remain
  still until medical assistance arrives.
• If a person needs to be moved, create a splint
• Anatomical splint
• Soft splint
• Hard splint
• See local Red Cross guide for details on these
  types of splints. It is better if they dont
  move

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VARIOUS SITUATIONS with their BASIC first aid

• Electrical safety

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Preventing Electric Shocks
Electricity can be extremely dangerous. Improper
use or maintenance of electrical appliances,
wiring, and outlets can cause severe electric
shock. There is also the danger of
electrocution, or death resulting from electric
shock.

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Preventing Electric Shocks (contd.)

• To avoid electric shock, follow these rules
• Never use an electrical appliance near water,
  such as in a bathtub, or if you are wet.
• Unplug small appliances, such as hair dryers and
  toasters, when they are not in use. Repair or
  replace broken appliances.
• Pull out an electrical plug by the plug itself,
  not by the cord.
• Repair or replace loose or damaged cords.