Q. What are the two

1
Q. What are the two ADD chief purposes of
hair?

1. Protection
2. Adornment

Add to the side bar Hair is an appendage of
the skin
2
TRICOLOGY

• scientific study of hair, its diseases, and care

• comes from Greek words
• Trichoshair
• ologythe study of

3
CHAPTER 9 PROPERTIES OF THE HAIR AND SCALP
4
INTEGUMENT the outer covering that encloses
the entire body

• includes the hair, skin, and nails

• is the largest and fastest growing organ body

5
STRUCTURE OF THE HAIR
6

• Hair

• A slender, threadlike filament of protein keratin
  which is an appendage or outgrowth of the scalp
  and body.

7

• hair is divided into two parts

Hair root located below the surface of the
scalp
Hair shaft projects above the skin
8

• HEALTHY HAIR
• Proper nutrients required.
•  
• Amino acids
• Twenty amino acids make up hair.
• The body produces only 11 of the 20.
• The remainder must come from diet.
• Proteins
• Proteins like meat, fish, eggs, and dairy
  products are
• good sources of these amino acids as are food
• combinations like peanut butter and bread, rice
• and beans, and beans and corn
•  

9
Structures of the Hair Root
The main structures are

• Follicle
• Bulb
• Dermal papilla
• Arrector pili muscle
• Sebaceous glands

10
Follicle tube-like pocket in the scalp
contains the hair root
distributed all over the body
except palms of the hands soles of
the feet multiple hairs/one follicle
11

• The follicle
• Tunnel epidermis (outer layer of the skin)
• dermis
• (inner layer
• of the skin)
• dermal
• papilla

Internet source acne-site.com
12
Hair bulb-the lowest area or part of the hair
strand.

• thickened, club-shaped part of the hair root

• fits over and covers the dermal papilla

Internet source Missinglink.ucsf.edu
13
Dermal papilla cone-shaped base of the
hair follicle fits into hair bulb.

• contains the blood and nerve supply
• provides nutrients

14

• Arrector pili
• tiny, involuntary muscle
• base of the hair follicle.

• Fear or cold
• contract
• goose bumps

www.unexpectedpages.com/.../goosebumps.jpg
15
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16
Sebaceous glands oil glands connected to
the hair follicles.
secretes oily substance sebum lubricates
17
Sebaceous gland
18
Structures of the Hair Shaft
Three main layers

• 1. Cuticle
• outermost layer of hair

overlapping layer of transparent, scale-like
cells shingles on a roof
19
provides a barrier/protects inner
structure creates shine, smooth silky feel

• hairs primary defense against damage

Internet source the gentle touch.com
20

• Individual cuticle scales are attached to the
  cortex

• The hair has only one cuticle layer

Q. Why are we cautioned that there is only one
cuticle layer?
21

• Swelling the hair
• raises the cuticle layer
• opens the space between the scales
• allows liquids to penetrate

22
Internet source Hairdressersus.com Damaged
cuticle

• Haircolor, permanent waving solutions, and
  chemical hair relaxers must have an alkaline
  (base) pH to penetrate the cuticle layer
• Swells cuticle/lifts/exposes cortex

23
Cortex-is the middle layer of the hair
fibrous protein melanin pigment
Q. What does the word melanin mean?
24
(No Transcript)
25
elasticity of the hair natural color
located in the cortex

• all changes (physical or chemical) take place
  within the cortex

26
Internet source Hairdressersus.com Womensnet.com
27
Medulla-the inner most layer
composed of round cells
missing medulla very fine hair naturally
blonde hair
coarse hair contains a medulla
28
Internet source Ecobyte.com.au Bfro.net
29

• All beard hair contains a medulla

• not involved in salon services

Add to side bar Until a child has became the
age of puberty. Their hair has not fully matured
and has no Medulla
30
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HAIR

• composed of protein in the hair follicle.

• This is where the hair shaft begins

• living cells form
• journey upward through the hair follicle

31

• process called keratinization.

• As the cells mature
• fill up with a fibrous protein
• keratin
• move upward

Killerstrands.blogspot.com
32
lose their nucleus die
emerges from the scalp, cells are
keratinized no longer living
keratinized protein
33
90 protein
long chains of amino acids
Main elements (chemical composition) Carbon
Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulfur
34

• Referred to as the COHNS elements
• Carbon 51 Oxygen 21
• Hydrogen 6
• Nitrogen 17 Sulfur 5

35

• Amino acids- long chains of protein
• linked together like pop beads (candy necklace)

The chemical bond that joins the amino acids to
each other is called a peptide bond or end bond.
36

• A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide
  bonds is called a polypeptide.

• spiral shape of coiled protein is called a helix.

37
THE SIDE BONDS OF THE CORTEX

• made up of millions of polypeptide chains

• Polypeptide chains are cross- linked by three
  different types of side bonds

38

• Hydrogen bonds
• Salt bonds
• Disulfide bonds

Backreaction.blogspot.com

• incredible strength
• elasticity

39

• Essential to
• Wet sets
• Thermal styling
• Permanent waving
• Chemical hair relaxing

40

• Hydrogen bond
• weak physical side bond

• Easily broken by water or heat
• Accounts for 1/3 of hairs strength

41

• Salt bond
• weak physical side bond

• Broken by changes in the pH
• -strong alkaline or acidic solutions
• Accounts for 1/3 of hairs strength

42
Disulfide bond chemical side bond

• accounts for 1/3 overall strength
• Not broken by heat or water
• permanent waves
• chemical relaxers
• chemically change disulfide bonds

43

• Thio permanent waves (base)
• break the disulfide bonds
• reformed by thio neutralizer (acid)

• Hydroxide chemical hair relaxers
• break disulfide bonds
• bonds are broken permanently
• (becomes lanthionine bond)
• can never be reformed

44
Read Table 9-2
Bond Type Strength Broken By Re-formed By
Hydrogen Side Bond Weak Physical Water or heat Drying or cooling
Salt Side Bond Weak Physical Change in ph Normalizing ph
Disulfide Side Bond Strong Chemical 1.Thio perms and thio relaxers 2.Hydroxide relaxers 1.Oxidation with neutralizer 2.Converted to lanthionine bonds
Peptide End Bond Strong Chemical Chemical depilatories Not re-formed hair dissolves
Bond
Read Did you know
45
Hair Pigment
pigment in the cortex
Melanin tiny grains of pigment cortex
46
The two main types

• Eumelanin
• brown and black

2. Pheomelanin red ginger yellow/blonde

ratio
47
Wave Pattern

• amount of movement
• Described as

• straight

• wavy

• curly

• extremely curly

48

• result of genetics

General rule Asians extremely straight
hair Caucasians straight to wavy hair African
Americans extremely curly hair
49

• all wave patterns
• in all races

• vary from strand to strand
• same persons head

50

• The shape of the cross-section (round, oval,
  flat), determines the amount of curl.

51

• Extremely Curly Hair
• long twisted spirals

• coiled hair
• fine texture

• low elasticity
• breaks easily
• tends to knot

52

• gentle scalp manipulations
• conditioning shampoos
• detangling rinses help

53
HAIR ANALYSIS

• all services begin
• analysis of clients hair type
• condition
• determines the results that can reasonably be
  expected

• different types of hair
• react differently to the same service

54

• performed prior to all services
• Factors

• texture

• porosity

• elasticity

• density

• growth pattern
• dryness/oiliness

55
HAIR TEXTURE

• thickness or diameter
• individual hair strand

• coarse
• medium
• fine

• different areas of the head
• may have different textures

56

• Coarse texture
• large diameter

• requires more processing time

• more resistant

57

• Medium texture
• most common

• considered normal

• does not pose any special problems or concerns

58

• Fine texture
• smallest diameter

• fragile
• easier to process

• more susceptible to damage from chemical
  services

59

• Determined
• by feeling a single dry strand
• between the fingers

• Take an individual strand from
• Front hairline
• The temple
• The crown
• The nape

60

• hold the strand securely
• feel it with the thumb and forefinger of
  the other hand

• feel the difference between
• coarse
• medium
• fine

61
HAIR DENSITY

• measures
• number of individual hair strands
• on one square inch
• how many on one persons head

62
Classified as Low textbook
Medium High
63

• same hair texture
• different densities

• i.e.
• Coarse hair texture
• low density (thin)

• fine hair texture
• high density (thick)

64

• average hair density
• 2,200 hairs per square inch

• average head
• 100,000 hairs

• varies with the color
• blondes high density
• redheads lowest
• Table 9-3

65
Q. How do we determine what the amount of density
is?

• Use fingers to feel the hair
• Look at the scalp area
• Ask the client how dense they think their hair
  is
• Ask another stylist to help us decide

66
HAIR POROSITY

• ability of the hair to absorb moisture

• condition of the cuticle layer

• compact cuticle layer
• resistant to penetration

• porous hair/raised cuticle
• easily absorbs moisture

67

• low porosity
• resistant
• more alkaline solution
• longer processing time

• alkaline solutions
• raise the cuticle
• permit uniform
• saturation and processing

68

• Average/normal porosity
• considered normal
• processes as expected

69

• High porosity
• overly porous

result of over processing
damaged dry fragile and brittle
less alkaline solutions (lower pH)
70
POROSITY TEST

• dry hair
• (I like clean, towel dried hair)
• one inch patch
• hold strand securely

71

• slide the thumb and forefinger of the other
  hand
• 3-4 from the end
• to the scalp three times

Technicurl.com
72

• Determining the results
• no hair or nearly no hair
• very resistant
• small amount
• resistant
• medium amount
• average or normal

73

• a lot of hair comes downporous

• most of the hair comes
• downoverly porous

Q. What four areas of the head should be
checked?
Q. How strong should the chemical solution be
for this kind of hair?
74
Textbook 3 descriptions Low
(resistant) Average Highly porous
75
5 descriptions Very resistant Resistant Normal/
average Porous Highly/very porous
76
HAIR ELASTICITY

• Ability of the hair to
• stretch and return
• original length
• without breaking

• Indication of the strength of the side bonds

77

• wet hair with normal elasticity
• stretch up to 50 of its original length
• return without breaking
• Dry hair stretches 20

will hold the curl from wet sets and
permanent waves
78

• low elasticity
• brittle
• breaks easily

• does not hold curl

• low elasticity
• overprocessed

• milder solution
• lower pH

79
ELASTICITY TEST
Also called a pull test

• Check elasticity
• wet hair
• individual strand

• Hold a single strand of wet hair
• try to pull it apart

80

• stretches and returns to
• original length without breaking
• normal/good elasticity

• breaks easily
• fails to return to its original length
• it has low/poor elasticity
• crinklesbad

81
Q. Describe texture and give the classifications
and how to tell.
Q. What are the classifications for density?
Q. Explain what porosity is, its
classifications and the test for porosity.
Q. Define elasticity, list classifications,
describe the test.
82
GROWTH PATTERNS

• important
• shaping and styling hair

Q. Does the hair tend to grow straight out from
the head at a 90 degrees angle?

• growth patterns
• streams, whorls, and cowlicks

83
Internet source Justformom slides.com

• Hair stream
• flowing same direction
• follicles sloping same direction
• two streams opposite directions
• form a natural part

84

• Whorl
• forms a circular pattern
• crown

Dana.org
85
Internet source Hairboutique.com

• Cowlick
• Tuft of hair
• stands straight up
• Usually at the front hairline
• May be located anywhere

86
DRY HAIR AND SCALP

• inactive sebaceous glands
• dry winters
• hair appears dull, dry and lifeless
• moisturizers and emollients

87

• Avoid frequent
• shampooing

Internet source Pq.com/science/hair care
88

• Avoid
• strong soaps
• detergents
• products with high alcohol content
• Dry hair
• not overly-porous

89
OILY HAIR AND SCALP

• Causes
• improper shampooing
• overactive sebaceous glands
• greasy buildup on scalp
• oily coating
• normalizing shampoo

90

• Well-balanced diet
• Exercise
• Regular shampooing
• Good personal hygiene
• will control oily hair and scalp

91
HAIR GROWTH

• Two main types of hair
• Vellus (or lanugo)
• Terminal

92

• Vellus or lanugo hair
• Short
• fine
• downy
• Not pigmented
• Almost never has a medula
• Found on infants

93

• On adults
• Forehead
• eyelids
• bald scalp
• Nearly all other areas
• Except
• palms of hands
• soles of feet

94

• Helps in evaporation of perspiration

Hairireland.ie
95
Terminal hair

• Long, soft hair
• scalp
• legs
• arms
• males and females
• Coarser than vellus hair

96

• Is pigmented
• except gray hair
• medulla
• darker color
• coarse texture

97

• Hormone changes
• during puberty
• vellus hair replaced
• thicker terminal hair

98

• Hair follicles produce
• vellus
• terminal hair
• Depends
• genetics
• age
• hormonal changes

99
THE GROWTH CYCLES OF HAIR

• occurs in cycles
• repeated over and over again
• Anagen-growth phase
• Catagen-transition phase
• Telogen-resting phase

100
Anagen The Growth Phase

• New hair produced
• Follicle
• Hair cells are produced faster

101

• Average growth
• ½ inch per month

• About 90 of hair
• in Anagen phase
• lasts 3-5 years
• to 10 years

102
Catagen The Transition Phase

• Brief transition period
• signals the end of growth
• follicle canal shrinks
• detaches from the dermal papilla

103

• Hair bulb disappears
• Less than one percent of hair is in this phase
  at one time
• Very short,
• lasts 1-2 weeks

Internet source Hairrestoration.com
104
Telogen the Resting Phase

• Final phase
• Lasts until the fully grown hair is shed
• or until the next new hair pushes out the old

105

• 10 in this phase
• Lasts 3-6 months
• Cycle begins again
• Repeats every 4-5 years

106
Ukhairdressers.com
www.agelesszonereno.com/about_ageless_zone_sp...
107
Myths Shaving, etc no effect on hair
growth Scalp massage no evidence Gray hair more
resistant same as pigmented hair (I beg to
differ) Natural curl determined by race anyone
can have any degree of curl
108
HAIR LOSS

• Normal daily hair loss
• three phases
• Average daily hair loss
• 75-100 hairs (this is the answer we want)

109
Information we want you to know

• Write on the side Facts
• The average life span of hair is 4-6 years
• Everyone sheds 75-100 hairs per day
• Hair does not grow after death
• Eyebrows and eyelashes are replaced every 4-5
  months

110

• 63 million people in US
• suffer from abnormal hair loss (alopecia)
• you will be the first person people will come to
  with questions

111
FYI Causes of Hair Loss Poor
circulation Stress Thyroid disease High blood
pressure Iron deficiency Pregnancy Liver
malfunction Chemotherapy B vitamin
deficiencies Skin Disease Large doses of Vitamin
A High fever Cholesterol Sudden weight loss
Alcohol and caffeine Medications
112
Psychemedics.com
113

• THE EMOTIONAL IMPACT OF HAIR LOSS
• medical community
• not a medical condition
• anguish
• very real
• overlooked

114

• Bald men are perceived as
• Less physically attractive (by both sexes)
• Less assertive
• Less successful
• Less personally likeable
• Older (by about 5 years)

How shallow we can be???
115

• Bald men perceive themselves
• Experience negative
• social and emotional effects
• Preoccupied with their baldness
• Make effort
• conceal
• compensate

116

• For women
• devastating
• very traumatic
• feel anxious
• helpless
• less attractive

117
TYPES OF ABNORMAL HAIR LOSS

• Abnormal hair loss
• alopecia
• Most common types are
• Androgenic alopecia
• Alopecia areata
• Postpartum alopecia

118
Androgenic/androgenetic alopecia

• The result
• genetics
• age
• hormonal changes
• miniaturization of terminal hair
• converting it to vellus hair

119

• Can begin in the teens
• frequently by 40
• male pattern baldness

• horseshoe-shaped
• fringe

• In women
• generalized thinning
• crown area

Sacimdokuluyor.com
120
Sacimdokuluyor.com Healthhype.com
121
Add to side bar Alopecia Senilis baldness due
to old age Alopecia Prematura baldness that
begins before middle age
122
Alopecia areata

• sudden falling out
• patches
• baldness in spots

• scalp and body

• unpredictable skin disease

123
Add to side bar Possible cause flairs up with
stress and trauma
124
Associatedcontent.com
125

• autoimmune disease
• hair follicles
• attacked by immune system

• White blood cells
• stop hair growth
• (anagen phase)

126

• Usually begins
• one or more
• round, small
• smooth patches on the scalp

• Can progress total scalp hair loss
• alopecia totalis

127

• Or complete body hair loss
• alopecia universalis

• males and females
• begins in childhood

no signs of inflammation
no skin disorder or disease
128
POSTPARTUM ALOPECIA

• Temporary hair loss conclusion of a
  pregnancy
• Very little hair loss during pregnancy

• Sudden and excessive shedding from 3-9 months
  after delivery

129

• Returns to normal within one year

Internet source Ezinearticles.com Estrogen
stimulates hair follicles anagen growing
phase hair does not cycle as it
normally would.
130
After child is born estrogen level drops
hair enters the catagen and telogen
phase very traumatic returns to normal
one year
131
Add to side bar Telogen Effluvium Premature
shedding in resting phase Possible
causes difficult childbirth fever shock drug
intake crash diets
132
Add to side bar Traumatic Alopecia Hair loss
due to repetitive traction on the hair by pulling
or twisting Possible causes excessive
application of chemicals (perms/relaxers)
excessive use of hot combs
133
HAIR LOSS TREATMENTS

• Minoxidil and Finasteride
• have been proven to stimulate hair growth
• approved by FDA

• Minoxidil
• topical medication
• applied to scalp
• twice a day

www.thehairlossclinicstore.com/store/media/mi...

134

• Sold O-T-C
• men and women

2 or 5 strength no known side effects
135
Internet source Myths and facts about hair loss
136
Myth Teasing, using hair color, other products,
or frequently washing hair increases hair
loss. Fact Normal hair care doesn't
affect hair loss.
137
Finasteride oral prescription medication
for men only
more effective more side effects
women can not use pregnant women causes
birth defects
138

• Surgical options
• Transplant or hair plugs
• removing small sections of hair
• follicle, papilla, and bulb from the back
• transplanting in the bald area.

139
Internet source Hairtransplantnetwork.com






140

• The bulb grows normally in the new location
• Surgeons
• Several surgeries
• 8,000-20,000
• Add to side bar
• medical treatment
• scalp reduction

141
Internet source Newhair.com Howstuffworks.com
142

• non-surgical/medical hair replacements
• wigs
• toupees
• hair weaving
• hair extensions

143

• Learn to fit
• color
• cut
• style wigs and toupees
• Weavings and extensions
• enhance clients natural hair
• boosts their self-esteem

144
Internet source Madeinchina.com Wigsontop.com Jew
el-and-jewel.com Beasbraiding.com
145
DISORDERS OF THE HAIR
CANITIES gray hair loss of the natural
melanin pigment same as pigmented hair
146
Two types Congenital Canities exists at or
before birth occurs in albinos can be
patchy Add Albino-person born with no coloring
matter, resulting in white hair
147
Acquired Canities develops with age result
of genetics. may develop worry
anxiety prolonged illness
148
Trihup.cpm More.com
149

• Ringed hair
• alternating bands
• gray and pigmented hair
• length of hair strand

150

• Hypertrichosis
• hirsuities
• abnormal growth of hair
• terminal hair in areas of vellus hair
• mustache or light beard on women
• Remember Hyperexcess hair

151

• treatments include
• electrolysis photoepilation
• laser hair removal
• tweezing shaving
• electronic tweezers
• depilatories
• threading sugaring

152

• Trichoptilosis
• split ends
• treatments
• conditioning to soften
• remove by cutting

Remember Chopneeds cutting or chop off
153
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154

• Trichorrhexis Nodosa
• knotted hair
• brittleness
• formation of nodular swellings along the
  hair shaft
• hair breaks easily
• broken fibers spread out like a brush along
  hair shaft

155
(No Transcript)
156
Treatments conditioners
moisturizers Remember Trichorrhexis
nodosa -Needs correcting -nodosa-nodules
157

• Monilethrix
• beaded hair
• breaks easily between the beads or nodes
• Treatments
• hair and scalp conditioning

158
(No Transcript)
159

• Fragilitas crinium
• brittle hair
• may split at any part of their length
• Treatment
• hair and scalp conditioning
• Remember Fragilebrittle

160
segal.koreanbusiness.co.kr/.../book-photo3.gif
161
DISORDERS OF THE SCALP

• outer layer
• shed
• replaced by new cells

• Small
• dry flakes
• without being noticed

162

• dry scalp-(not dandruff)
• has smaller
• less noticeable flakes
• contact dermatitis, sunburn, or extreme age
• worse in cold, dry climates

163

• Medical term for dandruff
• Pityriasis
• excessive production and accumulation of skin
  cells
• large visible clumps of cells

• dandruff is the result of a fungus called
  malassezia

164

• Malassezia
• naturally occurring fungus
• present on all human skin
• symptoms when it grows out of control
• stress, age, hormones, and poor hygiene can
  cause symptoms to worsen

165

• antidandruff shampoos contain antifungal agents
• pyrithione zinc, selenium sulfide, or
  ketoconazole
• suppresses the growth of malassezia

166

• Pyrithione zinc is gentle enough to be used
  everyday
• color-treated hair
• frequent use is essential

167
Nature.com Mild,moderate,severe cases
168
Schools of thought go back and forth as to
dandruff being contagious. Mrs. Kucas and I feel
that dandruff is contagious. (contradicts your
book) Practicing approved sanitation and
disinfection procedures will help prevent the
spread of this disorder
169

• Two principal types
• Pityriasis capitis simplex
• technical term for classic scalp inflammation
• dry dandruff
• large thin flakes
• itchy scalp

170

• Scales may
• attach to the scalp in masses
• scatter loosely in the hair
• fall to the shoulders

171

• Add to side bar
• Dry dandruff is the result of a sluggish scalp
  caused by
• poor circulation
• lack of nerve stimulation
• improper diet
• emotional and glandular disturbances
• poor personal hygiene

172

• Treatments include
• antidandruff shampoos
• conditioners
• topical lotions
• Scalp treatments and regular scalp massage
  will also help

173
Pityriasis steatoides

• more severe
• accumulation of greasy or waxy scalp scales
• mixed with sebum
• stick to the scalp in patches or crusts

174

• When accompanied by redness and inflammation is
  
• seborrheic dermatisis
• Can be found in eyebrows/beards
• Client should be referred to a physician for
  medical treatment

175
FUNGAL INFECTIONS (TINEA)

• TINEA
• ringworm
• itching, scales, and sometimes, painful circular
  lesions
• Several may be present at the same time
• A fungal (vegetable) organism is not an animal
  parasite

176
Rancocasvalley.com
177

• All forms are contagious
• Easily transmitted
• FYI Infected skin scales and hairs that contain
  the fungi are known to spread the disease

178

• Bathtubs
• Swimming pools
• Unsanitary personal articles
• Practicing approved sanitation and disinfection
  procedures will help prevent the spread of this
  disease

• Clients with this condition should be referred
  to a physician for medical treatment

179
TINEA CAPITIS

• Add to side bar Ringworm of the scalp
• Characterized by red papules, or spots
• at opening of the hair follicles

180

• patches spread
• hair brittle and lifeless
• hair often breaks off
• leaving only a stump
• may be shed from the enlarged open follicle

181
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182
visualdx
183

• Tinea favosa
• Add to side bar
• honeycomb ringworm
• dry
• sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts
• on the scalp called scutula
• distinctive odor

184
Scars bald patches that may be pink or white and
shiny ADDvery contagious-refer to physician
Doctorfungus.org Tinea capitis
Tinea favosa
185
ANIMAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS
SCABIES

• itch is a highly contagious skin disease
• itch mite burrowing under the skin

186

• vesicles (blisters)
• pustules (inflamed pimples with pus)
• usually form on the scalp from the irritation
  caused by this animal parasite

• excessive itching makes the condition worse

187
Stanford.edu
188
Stanford.edu
Commonswikimedia.org Tunnel/burrow of parasite
189

• Practicing approved sanitation and disinfection
  procedures will help prevent the spread of this
  disease

Clients with this condition should be referred to
a physician for medical treatment
190
PEDICULOSIS CAPITIS

• infestation
• hair and scalp
• head lice
• feed on the scalp
• dead skin cells
• itching
• scratching can cause an infection
• transmitted

191
(No Transcript)
192
Pedistrics.about.com
193
Headlicetrix.com
194
Pediatrics.about.com Media.acbnews.com
195
Pediatrics.about.com
196
Pediatrics.about.com
197
(No Transcript)
198
img.medscape.com/.../211212-225013-2402.jpg
199

Empty shell left after lice hatch

img.medscape.com/.../211212-225013-2402.jpg
200
cm.edu.qt
201
howtodo101.com/.../
202

• contact with infested hats, combs, brushes and
  other personal articles
• you can distinguish them from dandruff flakes by
  looking closely at the scalp with a magnifying
  glass

203

• Practicing approved sanitation and
  disinfection procedures will help prevent the
  spread of this disease

• Several nonprescription medications are
  available

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FYI Recently on the news, they reported that the
lice are becoming resist to the shampoos that
kill the lice. This means the lice will be much
harder or impossible to get rid of.

• Clients with this condition should be referred to
  a physician or pharmacist

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• STAPHYLOCOCCI INFECTIONS
• Are bacteria that infect the skin or scalp

• Furuncle
• boil is an acute localized bacterial infection
  of the hair follicle that produces constant pain

• limited to a specific area
• produces a pustule perforated by a hair

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Onlinehealthbook.com
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• Carbuncle
• inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue
• caused by staphylococci

• similar to furuncle only larger

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Missinglinkucsf.edu
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• Practicing approved sanitation and disinfection
  procedures will help prevent the spread of these
  disease

Clients with this condition should be referred to
a physician for medical treatment