INTD 59

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INTD 59 bathroom plumbing fixtures
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• plumbing
• residential plumbing system provides water to
  various points throughout the homeunderstanding
  how water is supplied distributed is necessary
• a balance must be met between design criteria
  economic considerations
• residential plumbing system is made up of three
  basic systems
• supply system
• drain waste system
• vent system

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plumbing
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• supply system
• brings pressurized water from utility main or
  well
• distributes water to appliances fixtures on
  demand
• a valve regulates the flow faucet handles
  lever controls, shower tub controls,
  ball-rocker valves in the laundry,
  pressure-relief valves on water heaters
• water pressure to the house must be established
  prior to the design
• plumber must check water pressure available to
  ensure correct balance between supply demand

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plumbing
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• drain waste system
• transports gray water (used water from washer,
  dishwasher, sinks bathing) and waste from house
  to sewer or septic tank
• most fixtures drain by gravitytoilet uses
  gravity falling water (some low-flow use
  injection of air as well)
• backflow must be considered in fixture design
• designer must be aware of plumbing drain cleanout
  locations

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plumbing
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• vent system
• exhausts noxious sewer gases from house
• also maintains air pressure in drain system,
  helping waste to flow down to sewer
• plumbing system is a simple application of supply
  and demand
• utility main or private well supplies water to
  house on demand
• drain-waste and vent systems extract noxious
  fumes wastes from house on demand

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• plumbing codes
• codes vary from region to region
• the size of the main supply line to house the
  supply lines to individual fixtures/appliances
  depends upon
• number of fixtures to be installed
• water pressure delivered by utility or well
  (typically 46-60 lbs. per square inch)
• elevation of fixture from water source

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• plumbing codes
• supply lines from main supply typically ¾-1 inch
  in diameter
• many suppliers specify the size of a supply line
  for proper installation of a fixture
• plumber is responsible for calculating pipe size
  in compliance with applicable code
• designer MUST communicate with plumber early in
  design process
• collaborate so that local code is met water
  pressure is appropriate

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• bathtubs
• so many sizes shapesno longer an average
• most state laws require a slip-resistant
  bottomhandle on one side also very helpful
  safety feature
• may be ordered with
• left or right drain
• all four sides enclosed
• front two sides enclosed
• front one side enclosed
• drop in modelsunken
• model

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bathtubs cleaning? children?
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• bathtubs
• manufactured of several materials
• porcelain enameled cast-iron
• most durablevery expensive HEAVY
• floor should be strong enoughtubwaterbody
• porcelain can chipoffers color choices
• retains heat very well
• porcelain enameled formed steel
• acrylic-reinforced fiberglass

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• bathtubs
• manufactured of several materials
• porcelain enameled cast-iron
• porcelain enameled formed steel
• lighterweight100 lbsupper story installations
• less expensive
• noisiercan use coating or insulation
• may flexhave thinner layer of insulation
• acrylic-reinforced fiberglass

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• bathtubs
• manufactured of several materials
• porcelain enameled cast-iron
• porcelain enameled formed steel
• acrylic-reinforced fiberglass
• easy maintenance
• lightweight
• not as durable as cast-iron or steel
• tub surround can be cast as one piececan also
  include accessories

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jacuzzi synonymous with whirlpool bathsjets
create circular pattern of bubbles providing
massage made of continuous cast acrylic,
reinforced with fiberglass
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bathtub surrounds may be reinforced fiberglass,
decorative laminate, ceramic tile, stoneoptions
are endless failure to install caulk correctly
is major cause of leaks access to plumbing for
future repairs?
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bathtubs
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bathtubs
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bathtubs
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bathtubs
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• showers
• minimum requirements for stall shower 34-in
  square
• standard height of shower head
• 66-in for men
• 60-in for women
• install at 74-inches adjust for height
• handheld shower offers
• additional flexibility

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showers shower heads more than 5-10 years old
use 3-8 gallons of water per minute2.4 gallons
per minute saves almost 12,000 gallons water per
year
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showers
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showers
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showers
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showers
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• showers
• several ways to keep water within the shower
  area
• shower curtainwater can escape
• glass shower doorsoap hard water residue
• walls with no doorgenerally master bath

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• showers
• wheelchair accessible showers

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• faucets
• deck mountedused only for tubs
• wall mountedused for showers tub/shower combo
• both available in single or dual controlsingle
  control regulate temperature more easily

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• lavatories
• come in many sizes, shapes materials according
  to personal preferences space requirements
• materials
• vitreous china
• glass
• cast iron
• stainless steel
• sculpted marble
• usually round or ovalcan be whatever you dream

• china
• ceramic
• enameled steel
• polished brass
• solid-surface

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lavatories
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lavatories
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lavatories
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lavatories
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lavatories pedestal
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lavatories self-rimming
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lavatories under the counter
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lavatories wall mounted
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lavatories flush
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lavatories above surface
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• lavatory faucets
• single-handle
• center-fit
• spread-fit

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• lavatory faucets
• placement depends upon design of sink
• water conservation laws mandate flow requirements
• finishes
• polished chrome
• black chrome
• polished brassneeds some sort of clear coat
• gold plated
• brushed nickel
• copperneeds some sort of clear coat finish

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lavatory faucets accessibilty
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toilets toilet water closet made of vitreous
chinawithstands acids may be wall-hungflush
through wall drain floor-mountedflush through
floor or wall drain
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toilets low profile
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toilets gravity flush all required to
have visible water turn-off near bowl
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toilets pressure assisted From the outside,
pressure assisted toilets look identical to
gravity toilets. When you lift the lid of a
pressure assisted toilet, however, instead of
seeing water, you will notice an inner tank. The
inner tank is completely sealed when water is
fed from the water line, the air inside the tank
gets compressed. When the toilet is flushed,
instead of just falling by the force of gravity,
the water is forced out with the pressure of the
compressed air. This pressurized stream of water
cleans all the waste from the bowl much more
efficiently than the water from gravity toilets.
The pressure in the toilet is therefore created
by using the water pressure provided by the water
company - no pumps or other devices are used.
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toilets pressure assisted
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toilets dual flush options uses more water for
solid waste removal
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bidets generally installed as a companion to a
toilet used for cleansing the perineal areasit
astride the bowl facing the controls