Solar Thermal Technology in India- Issues and Opportunities

1
Solar Thermal Technology in India- Issues and
Opportunities
Prof. Piyush Trivedi, Vice Chancellor , Rajiv
Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, M.P.
Prof. V K Sethi, Director, UIT-RGPV HOD
(Energy) Prof. Mukesh Pandey, Dean- Energy
Technology, RGPV

2
INTRODUCTION

• The present paper deals with Energy Efficient
  Environmentally benign technologies, the Green
  Power Technologies of concentrated solar power
  for a sustainable energy security.
• Solar Thermal Technology related Issues and
  Opportunities discussed
• Reduction of Coal Consumption in Thermal Power
  Plant through Cross Linear - CSP system, capable
  of producing steam at high (gt6000C) temperature.
• Also demonstrating the Cross Linear - CSP
  technology as a viable mean for the Energy
  Security achieving the targets of Jawaharlal
  Nehru National Solar Mission.

3
Mission Energy Security and Energy independence

• Climate Change Natures Fury
• Solar for Power generation irrigation
• High Efficiency CNT Based PV Cells
• Hydrogen as Fuel for future
• Accelerated Program on Thorium based Nuclear
  Reactor
• Clean coal Technologies like SCR, IGCC
• Bio-fuels for Railways and Mass Transport
• Energy Security by 2020, Energy Independence
  by2030
• .Ref. Address by President of India on the eve
  of Independence Day

4
Stabilization Wedges
Billions of Tons (GtC) Carbon Emitted per Year
Current path ramp
16 GtC/y
16
Eight wedges
Goal In 50 years, same global emissions as
today 8 GtC 8000 Million Tons Per Annum of
Carbon 8000x44 / 12 29300 MTPA of CO2
Historical emissions
8
Flat path
1.6
0
1950
2000
2050
2100
5
Wedge Strategies in 4 Categories
A wedge is a strategy to reduce carbon
emissions that grows in 50 years from zero to 1.0
GtC/yr. The strategy has already been
commercialized at scale abroad.

Fossil Fuel-Based CCT Strategies
Energy Efficiency Conservation
Stabilization
Stabilization
Triangle
Triangle
Renewables Bio-storage
2012
2062
Nuclear Power
6
The Four Dimensions of Low Carbon Technologies

• 1 Low Carbon Technologies (LCT)
• Renewable Energy Technologies - Plans for
  Energy security and Environmental Sustainability
• 2 Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM)/ Green
  Certificates / RPO
• Barriers, Policy Action Plans and Roles of
  Market Players- Impact of Low-Carbon Life Style
  on Climate Change,
• Other Mechanisms beyond Kyoto Regime 2012
• 3 Clean Coal Technology (CCT)
• Mega Power Projects based on Supercritical
  IGCC Technologies
• 4 Carbon Capture Sequestration (CCS)
• Impact R D Projects Technology Issues
  Technology Transfer Strategies.

7
Grid Interactive Renewable Power
Renewable Energy Programme/ Systems Target for 2012-13 (MW) Total achievement during 2012-13 (MW) Cumulative achievement up to 31.08.2013 (MW)
Wind Power             2500 1698.8 19,779.15
Small Hydro Power 350 236.93 3,711.75
Biomass Power 105 114.7 1,264.80
Bagasse Cogeneration 350 352.20 2,337.43
Waste to Power  (Urban-Industrial) 20 6.4 99.08
Solar Power (SPV) 800 754.14 1,968.84
Total 4125 3163.17 29,161.05
Though RE is about 13 of Total Installed Capacity (2,25,793.10 MW) but this contribution has a major social and economic impact . The low PLF of RE Plants is a matter of concern. The growth of clean energy technologies for mega Power generation, both Solar Thermal and PV, Clean Coal Technologies, are key to the success Green Power Mission for abating Climate Change Though RE is about 13 of Total Installed Capacity (2,25,793.10 MW) but this contribution has a major social and economic impact . The low PLF of RE Plants is a matter of concern. The growth of clean energy technologies for mega Power generation, both Solar Thermal and PV, Clean Coal Technologies, are key to the success Green Power Mission for abating Climate Change Though RE is about 13 of Total Installed Capacity (2,25,793.10 MW) but this contribution has a major social and economic impact . The low PLF of RE Plants is a matter of concern. The growth of clean energy technologies for mega Power generation, both Solar Thermal and PV, Clean Coal Technologies, are key to the success Green Power Mission for abating Climate Change Though RE is about 13 of Total Installed Capacity (2,25,793.10 MW) but this contribution has a major social and economic impact . The low PLF of RE Plants is a matter of concern. The growth of clean energy technologies for mega Power generation, both Solar Thermal and PV, Clean Coal Technologies, are key to the success Green Power Mission for abating Climate Change
8

• CAPACITY ADDITION -12TH PLAN IN INDIA
  (2012-2017)
• Report of Working Group on Power for 12th Plan
  expected shortly. Likely requirement of capacity
  addition during 12th Plan - about 80,000 MW. (
  RES 29,000 MW 55 Capacity - Private Sector
  40 - coal based supercritical technology)
• Target of energy saving through DSM and Energy
  Efficiency measures about 60 BU at bus-bar,
  avoided peaking capacity about 12,000 MW.
• Proposed targets in JNNSM 22,000 MW by 2022
• 100 GW (100000 MW) by 2030 or 10-12 of total
  power generation capacity estimated of that year
• 4-5GW of installed solar manufacturing capability
  by 2017

9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
Thermal storage

• All CSP plants have some ability to store heat
  energy for short periods of time and thus have a
  buffering capacity that allows them to smooth
  electricity production considerably and eliminate
  the short-term variations other solar
  technologies exhibit during cloudy days.
• Recently, operators have begun to build thermal
  storage systems into CSP plants. The concept of
  thermal storage is simple throughout the day,
  excess heat is diverted to a storage material
  (e.g. molten salts). When production is required
  after sunset, the stored heat is released into
  the steam cycle and the plant continues to
  produce electricity

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
Project Objectives

• Broad Objective
• Technology Demonstration of Cross Linear
  Concentrated Solar Power in Indian conditions
  through a 30 kWth Test Unit at RGPV, Bhopal
• Specific Objectives
• Demonstrate High Temperature (gt6000C) attainment
  of CL-CSP
• Optimize Simulation Technology of CL-CSP
• Utilize to develop 1 MWe Test Plant and
  Commercial Plant of 20 MW size
• Strengthen Indian-Japanese technical
  collaboration
• Promoting Industry Academia joint venture
  project in true sense

18
Collaborating Partners

• Universities/Institutions
• Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal
• Delhi Technological University, Delhi
• SolarFlame Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
• Asia Sunbelt Development Association, Japan
• Industrial Partners
• Bergen Solar Power Energy Ltd, Gurgaon
• Toyo Engineering Corporation, Japan
• RICOH Corporation, Japan

19
Concept of CL (Cross Linear) solar concentration
system
Linear Fresnel (LF) system
Low construction cost
Hybridization
High concentration (High efficiency)
Cross Linear (CL) system
Central tower system
20
Bird view of CL system for large scale (30MW) CSP
plant
Receiver
CO2 (600 ºC)
High temp. concentration field
Low temp. concentration field
CO2 (200 ºC)
300 m
250 m
Heliostat field
21
High temperature with CL solar concentration
system
Increase in mirror facet
Increase in mirror line
Larger concentration
More Solar Energy
22
Sun tracking mechanism on CL solar concentration
system
Linear Fresnel (LF) system
E
W
Receiver with reflector
Mirror with curvature
S
Mirror line Sun tracking
Individual mirror facet Sun tracking
N
23
Structure of CL solar concentration system
receiver
24
Comparison of solar concentration on CL and LF
systems
Optical simulation based on Monte Carlo
Ray-tracing method
? LF system ? CL system

? Improved CL system ? Improved CL system

Mirror 1m8m8 64m²
Mirror 1m1m64 64m²
Mirror 1m1m64 64m²

• Mirrors on the north side have higher cosine
  efficiency than those on the south side.

25
Simulation result of solar concentration for CL
and LF systems
Daily Collected power on receiver plane
?CL system?LF system 1.52 times on
culmination 1.22 times on 1-day ?Improved CL
system ?LF system 1.76 times on
culmination 1.25 times on 1-day
LF system CL system Improved CL system
Collected power (kW)
Time (h)
26
Comparison with other Technologies
  Cross Linear Tower, Trough, Linear Fresnel
Temperature 300-600 deg C Tower 600 deg C Trough 400 deg C Linear Fresnel 500 deg C
Concentration 100-1000 Tower 300-1000 Trough, Linear F lt100
Thermal Fluid Liquid Water, Oil Gas Air, Steam, CO2 Tower Stem, Molten Salt Trough Oil, Steam, Molten Salt Linear Fresnel Steam
CL Heliostat Axis 1.01 Control precision Moderate or Low Tower 2.0/high precision Trough, Linear F 1.0/middle precision
CL Receiver Cavity, CPC , Pipes Tower cavity Trough vacuum pipe Linear Fresnel pipes, CPC, cavity
27
Application Cross Linear/CSP

• CL-CSP Technology has the ability to produce
  temperatures in excess of 650 deg C, hence it has
  widespread application in replacing costly Coal
  used by Thermal plants in India

28
Case Study Thermal Power Plant
Coal Saving Solar Thermal is used to supply Auxiliary Load of coal fired thermal power plant Coal Saving Solar Thermal is used to supply Auxiliary Load of coal fired thermal power plant Coal Saving Solar Thermal is used to supply Auxiliary Load of coal fired thermal power plant
Installed Generation Capacity in India - Coal Fired Thermal Plants (Source Power Info-bank 2012) 105.00 GW
     
Auxiliary Load of thermal Power Plant (Electric Thermal) 10  
Total Auxiliary Load for all Coal-fired power plant 10.50 GW
Total units per hour 105.00 Lacs units/hr
Coal Consumed 0.70 kg/unit
Coal Consumed in one hour 7350.00 tons/hr
Coal Cost 6.00 Rs./Kg
Coal Consumed in one hour 441.00 Lac Rs./Hr.
Available Sun radiation on average per day 5.00 hours
Coal saving incase solar thermal energy is used to supply auxiliary load 2,205.00 Lac Rs./day
Total Sunny days 300.00 days
Cost of Coal consumed in one year 6,615 Cr Rs.
Minimum Net Saving with Auxiliary load of Solar (CL-CSP) with Thermal Storage Facility Say about 7000 Cr.
29
Fuel Switching
CSP Solar Thermal Power for Feed Heating
Coal saving 8 10
CSP Solar Thermal Power for Auxiliary Steam
Production / Auxiliary Power Generation
Fuel Substitution in Old Polluting Thermal Power
Plants having low PLF by Solar Thermal
Saving
potential in 30 Old capacity burning 120 Million
Tons per Annum Coal by 10 Coal Substitution 12
Million Ton x Rs. 6000 per Ton 7200 Cr/ Annum

30
Economics of the Project
31
OTHER CL-CSP RELATED OPPORTUNITIES IN
THERMAL POWER STATION
11
32
Role India can play in CSP

• Global hub for manufacturing CSP in our Heavy
  Industries
• Global test facilities
• Different climatic conditions in MNRE Centers
• Technical man power
• Large scale Power plants
• 4-5 GW by 2020 is easily possible
• Potential States -Rajasthan, Gujarat,
  Maharashtra, Karnataka, MP, Haryana, AP, TN

Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya , MP,
India
33
Mile Stone of CSP Technology

• CSP is poised to become a significant player in
  the renewable electricity generation in
  countries where a significant solar energy
  resource is available, such as those near desert
  and equatorial regions.
• Combined generation of electricity and heat by
  CSP is particularly interesting, as the high
  value solar input energy is used with the best
  possible efficiency, exceeding 85 .
• CL-CSP can be game changer in CSP
  Technology

34
MAJOR ISSUES

• Optimization of Water Supply for Power
  Generation.
• Low Turbine efficiency due to low steam
  parameters.
• Availability of Power Grid in the vicinity.
• Land availability
• Poor infrastructure in the remote deserts for
  material transport and habitat of work force.

Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya , MP,
India
35
Technology Assessment

• Viability/grid parity is a question as far as
  CSP is concerned. It will take a little longer
  than PV.
• A careful analysis needs to be carried out for
  the determination of an economically optimized
  project site that not only depends on the solar
  irradiance (DNI) but on many other influencing
  parameters.
• Designing the projects to meet specific needs
  at an economic benefit using high efficiency CSP
  technology.
• Land is a scarce resource in India and per
  capita land availability is low. The amount of
  land required for utility - scale solar power
  plants, currently is about 6 acres per MW.

36
Conclusion

• CL-CSP is perhaps the only technology in the
  world which can readily give temperature in
  excess of 650 deg C. The 30 kW Pilot Plant at
  RGPV will pave way for 1 MW to 20 MW commercial
  plant under planning at Panipat Thermal Power
  Station.
• In India it can be used to replace costly Coal in
  Thermal Power Plants
• Going by the current installed capacity of Coal
  Fired Thermal Power Plants of 105 GW, around 400
  Million Tons of coal. And if we target 10 of the
  dormant plants (30 of total plants, which are
  old) the total coal saving every year comes out
  to be 12 Million Tons every year amounting to
  around Rs. 7200 Cr.

37
Visit our Energy Park at RGPV Bhopal Thanks for
your kind attention