Research for Agricultural Development Program (RADP)

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Research for Agricultural Development Program
(RADP)

• Pakistan Agricultural Research Council
• Islamabad

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PROGRAM PROFILE

• Approved by ECNEC 7th March 2007
• Start 3rd April 2007
• Duration 5 years
• Extension (1st ) For 2 years (upto 30th June,
  2013)
• (2nd ) For 2 years again (upto 30th June,
  2015)
• TOTAL Project Cost 2,963.00 (Rs. million)
• Local cost 2,087.00 (Rs. million)
• Foreign Exchange 876.00 (Rs. million own
  resources)

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Program Objectives

• To address the current and emerging needs of
  science based-agriculture development, food
  security, poverty reduction, economic efficiency
  export competitiveness.
• To serve as a mechanism for timely response to
  emerging research issues (Pest/disease epidemics,
  nutrient deficiency, climate change)
• Develop technologies for maximizing productivity
  (per unit Land, labour, water, capital etc)
• Move from research output to innovations as
  products and services for small holders

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Scope of RADP

• Research Priority research themes (22) Plant
  Sciences 7, Natural Resources 4, Animal
  Sciences 4 and Social Sciences 7
• Infrastructural development Up gradation of
  research labs, green houses and other facilities
  at research establishments
• Collaboration International and national
  research collaboration.
• Training Human resource development

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Project Directors of RADP
Name Tenure
Dr. Nisar Ahmad Jan, 2008 to Aug 2012
Dr. Sher Muhammad Sept., 2012 to Aug 2013
Dr. Sarfraz Ahmad Aug, 2013 to date
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Management/Implementation
A. Program Steering Committee (PSC)

• Terms of Reference
• Overall guidance, supervision and
  monitoring of program
• Resolve Operational and Financial issues
• Authorize technical revision
• Re-appropriation of funds within the
  approved cost and scope

• Composition
• Secretary, Ministry of NFSR Chair
• Chairman, PARC Member
• Additional Secretary-I, Ministry of NFSR Member
• Additional Secretary (Exp) Finance
  Division Member
• ADC, Ministry of NFSR Member
• Technical Members of PARC Member
• Member (Finance), PARC Member
• Chief (Agriculture) PD Division Member
• Vice President (PCCC) Karachi Member
• DG (PD), PARC Member
• Project Director (ME) Ministry of NFSR Member
• Project Director, RADP Secretary

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• B. Program Executive Committee (PEC)
• Terms of Reference
• Review and approve research
  programs/projects
• Review annual and mid term progress
• Identify and accommodate new emerging
  research areas
• Identify and approve training needs etc.

Composition

• Chairman, PARC Chair
• Technical Members of PARC Member
• ADC, Ministry of NFSR Member
• JS (Plan) Ministry of NFSR Member
• DG (PD), PARC Member
• Project Director Member / Secretary

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Project Progress A). Financial Phasing, Release
and Expenditure
(Rs. Million)
Item PC-I (Cost) Allocation Release Expenditure
2006-07 (one month) 268.909 200.00 40.00 39.961
2007-08 1030.423 948.423 535.635 353.442
2008-09 809.181 600.000 239.058 239.058
2009-10 504.568 400.000 160.000 160.000
2010-11 349.919 411.555 120.501 111.725
2011-12 - 165.321 107.458 92.868
2012-13 - 170.00 74.00 73.156
2013-14 - 230.00 46 40.00
2963 3125.299 1322.652 1110.21
() 2nd quarter release of Rs. 46 million under
process
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Total Project Funded under RADP

• Completed Research projects 82
• Ongoing research projects 27
• Total 109

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Pre-DevolutionB (i) Sub-Research
Projects/Activities Funded under RADP upto 30th
June, 2011
(Discipline Wise)
Sr. No. Discipline Completed
1 Crop Sciences 20
2 Natural Resources 6
3 Animal Sciences 5
4 Social Sciences 9
Total Total 40
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Post-DevolutionB (ii) Sub-Research
Projects/Activities Funded under RADP from 30th
June, 2011 to 30th Nov., 2013
(Discipline Wise)
Sr. No. Discipline Completed On-going Total
1 Crop Sciences 20 18 38
2 Natural Resources 10 5 15
3 Animal Sciences 8 - 8
4 Social Sciences 4 4 8
Total Total 42 27 69
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Brief Research Outputs
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Crop Sciences

• Germplasm of crops acquired, characterized for
  breeding/hybrids development (gt15,000).
• Sunflower hybrids (SMH 0907, SMH 0917) with yield
  potential 3628-4730 kg/ha, early maturity, short
  statured.
• Canola hybrid (CRH-40/10) with yield potential
  3167 kg/ha.
• Short duration ground nut variety (PG-1058)
  110-120 days maturity developed (potential 2.6
  t/ha).
• Four tomato hybrids with potential 59-69 t/ha,
  under test for yield stability.

Cont
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Crop Sciences
From Pre-Page.

• Mandarin hybrids (early maturity, good quality
  and less seed in final evaluation).
• Fast track production of hybrids of cotton (05
  hybrids under evaluation), wheat, rice and maize
  launched.
• Sorghum-Sudan grass hybrids (02) yield
  potential140-145 t/ha.
• Salt, drought, heat and rust resistance /
  tolerant lines of wheat identified and available
  as valuable material for further breeding.
  Transgenic rice and wheat resistant to salts
  under test.
• Sugarcane varieties characterized for flowering
  ability, areas identified for viable fuzz
  production and varietal development.

Cont
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Crop Sciences
From Pre-Page.

• 50000 micro-tubers potato produced, of this 35000
  stored and 15000 used for seed multiplication of
  disease free seed at Kaghan.
• 14 ginger and turmeric lines from Sri Lanka,
  China acquired. These lines are under cultivation
  in green house and open field for multiplication.
  
• Technology for domestication of wild growing
  black cumin developed.
• Dates processing (solar drying), and packing
  technology introduced.
• Mass rearing of bio-control agents - Insectary
  established.
• Progeny garden of 12 tea cultivars established at
  Shinkiari, Mansehra. Potential cultivars are
  under multiplication.

Cont
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Crop Sciences
From Pre-Page.

• 600 demonstration plots of vegetable gardening in
  conflict areas of Swat developed for livelihood
  improvement.
• Mango harvesting and pre cooling machine, buffalo
  milking machine and flatbed maize/ground nut
  dryers developed in collaboration with local
  manufacturers.
• Spawn production for mushroom cultivation -
  Products marketed.
• Development of small olive oil extraction plant
  for use at local level
• Transfer of rodent control technologies through
  commercialization and services in Sindh.
• Three pilot plants one each for processing of
  organic compost, bio-herbicides and
  bio-pesticides locally fabricated, their products
  to be used for organic farming.
• Policy analysis reports on pest control, pest
  risk analysis and pesticides residues for trade
  policy and management interventions.

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Milking machine
Olive extraction plant
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Bio pesticides plant
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Natural Resources

• Technologies of chemical and bio logical
  reclamation of salt affected land in Khyber
  Pukhtunkhwa demonstrated on farmers field.
• Developed bio fertilizer processing at NARC.
  Plant has capacity of to manufactured 200 bags of
  organic fertilizer / day.
• Bed planting with hybrid rice using mechanized
  process, saved 35 water as compared to
  conventional methods.
• Bio-remediation technology established at NARC.

Cont
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Natural Resources
From Pre-Page.

• Honey analysis lab established at NARC.
  Technologies refined for commercialization of
  valuable bi-products of honey (royal jelly,
  pollen and bees wax etc).
• Production and up-scaling of bio-fuel plants
  Jatropha, Sukhchen and Castor Beans (Bahawalpur,
  Umerkot, D.I. Khan, SARC).
• Quality deciduous fruits propagation in Gilgit
  and Rawal sheds.

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Animal Sciences

• With stair-step feeding regime conception in
  Nili-Ravi buffalo and Sahiwal heifers achieved in
  18-24 months without any performance losses.
• Heat synchronization and improved semen
  preservation of buffalo and goat lead to improved
  conception through AI.
• Viruses strains identified for vaccine
  development to control avian influenza (poultry)
  and FMD (ruminants).

Cont
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Animal Sciences
From Pre-Page.

• Research on control of disease (Lernea, Argulus,
  Dropsy, Gillrot, Finrot) of fish in pond culture
  and trout culture.
• Research on captive breeding of endangered wild
  animal for conservation and cross breeding.
• Enhanced milk and meat production of goats
  through feeding regime.
• AI in goats successful first time.

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Social Sciences

• Survey and analyses of the commodity value chain
  (poultry, dairy, fruits), agricultural growth and
  poverty reduction, food consumption diversity,
  harvest and post harvest losses.
• Generated useful information and data sets on
  these issues for planning and policy making.
• Capacity building of scientists, researchers,
  educators, policy makers and community workers
  Five courses 200 participants.

Cont
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Social Sciences
From Pre-Page.

• PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture
  - (NUAS) established at NARC. Enrolled 306 Ph. D
  (87), M. Phil (219) students.

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Research to Commercialization

• 30 ton hybrid of Canola produced and sold through
  PATCO.
• 1.2 ton of Sunflower hybrid produced and sold
  through PATCO.
• Black Cumin production technologies.
• Vegetable seed production for kitchen gardening.
• Bio-pesticides products.
• Bio fertilizers formulation.
• Honey and byproducts.
• Bio-remediation technologies.
• Small scale Olive oil extraction machine.
• Picking and pre cooling technology of Mango.
• Milking machine for water buffalo.

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Research to Commercialization

• Feed formulation for trout fish.
• Ornamental fish production technologies.
• Grain baits for rats and mice. Pellets for rats.
• Food and Mouth Diseases (FMD) and Avian Influenza
  vaccines.
• Dates Solar dryer .
• Mushroom production technologies.
• Mobile Groundnut and Maize dryer.

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B (iii) Lab Equipment/Farm Machinery/Vehicles
Sr. No. Narration Provision Provision Procured Procured
Sr. No. Narration Total Items Cost (Rs. Million) Total Items Cost (Rs. Million)
1 Lab /Field Equipment 2694 528.60 789 257.045
2 Office Equipment 277 18.240 200 14.942
3 Replacement of lifts 02 15.00 02 6.930
4 Telephone Exch. 02 30.00 02 36.363
5 Farm Machinery /vehicle 157 169.13 110 126.502
Total 3132 760.97 1103 441.782
Vehicle details given in next slide
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B (iv) Infrastructure Development a. (Repair
Maintenance)
Work Location PC-1 Cost (Rs. Million) Completion Cost (Rs. Million) Status
Hostels NARC, Islamabad 3.15 2.70 Completed
CSI Building -do- 3.0 (R) 3.13 -do-
BARD Building -do- 4.69 2.53 -do-
Staff Colony -do- 2.00 1.60 -do-
Officer Colony -do- 3.00 2.57 -do-
Farm Roads -do- 42.95 39.81 Under arbitration
Rehabilitation of NSCRI NSCRI, Thatta, Sindh 10.19 10.50 completed
Repair Maintenance of National Herbarium NARC Islamabad 3.00 1.57 completed
HVAC system NARC auditorium 3.20 3.20 completed
Total (A) 75.18 67.61
() PSC authorized in 3rd meeting () PSC
authorized in 5th meeting
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b. New Construction
Rs. Million
Work Location PC-1 Cost Completion Cost Status
Buffalo Sheds NARC, Islamabad 4.19 5.76 Completed
10 F-type residences -do- 7.28 6.08 -do-
Parking Sheds -do- 2.43 2.10 -do-
Boundary wall -do- 25.45 26.052 -do-
Pumping Machinery Installation 5 T. Wells -do- 13.00 11.53 -do-
Social Sciences Institute -do- 22.01 36.25 -do-
Girls Hostel -do- 17.46 21.89 -do-
Const. of Lab. MARC, Gilgit MARC Gilgit. 2.15 2.70 -do-
Glass House / Insectary/ Wildlife Enclosures NARC, Islamabad 31.730 25.90 -do-
Community Center / Café NARC Islamabad. 25.19 47.670 Work in progress
Construction of lab. Building LRS, NARC 7.79 16.724 Work in progress
Total (B) 158.68 202.656
G. Total (A B) 233.86 270.266
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Social Sciences Institute, NARC
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Girls Hostel
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10 F Type residences at NARC
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5 Tube Well at NARC
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Work Plan (2013-14)

• i) Sub-Research Projects/Activities
• On-going 27
• New Launched 04

• Adaption and indigenization of household levels
  solar desalination and water from air
  technologies. Rs. 3.5 million.
• Development of clean and true to type
  horticultural crops nursery in Islamabad Capital
  Territory (ICT). Rs. 9.89 million
• Establishment of mother blocks, fruit plant
  nurseries of high value crops and seedlings/seed
  production of economically important vegetables
  in District Mansehra. Rs. 6.0 million
• Establishment of model facility of wastewater
  treatment through bioremediation at rose and
  jasmine garden facility Islamabad. Rs. 3.495
  million

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• Civil Work in 2013-14
• Construction of Community Center Cafeteria at
  NARC Rs. 53.00 M.
• Construction of LRS Lab at NARC Rs. 16.724 M.
• Construction of boundary wall around CARS,
  Karachi Rs. 9.40 M

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Way forward

• To address the emerging challenges of food
  security and self reliance in agriculture
  continuous financial support from PSDP is
  mandatory.

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Thanks
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Completed Research Sub-Projects of RADP
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CROP SCIENCES
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• Development Improvement of Mass Production
  Techniques of Insect Bio-control Agents Dr.
  Ehsan-Ul-Haq, PSO, IPMP,IPEP, NARC
• Achievements
• Insectary Biological control lab for rearing the
  bio-control agent and their insect host.
• Host of Trichograma (Sitotraga) raised in chamber
  (parasitoid) where adults collected automatically
  from the chamber (Root borer, stem borer, top
  borer and Gurdaspur borer).
• Reared Chrysoperla (Predator white fly, aphids,
  thrips, mites etc) and Coccinellid (white fly,
  mites) and aphidius (aphid C) on different hosts,
  aphids, sitotraga and mealy bugs.
• Selected different host rearing for mass
  production of these bio-control agents in the
  laboratory. Sitotraga and mealy bug found most
  efficient for Chrysoperla and coccinellid.
• Koopert ( Neitherlans), Syngenta (U.K), Biobest
  (Switerland) mass production (canada, America)

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• Development of sunflower and canola hybrid and
  canola type mustard varieties (Second Phase), Dr.
  Muhammad Ayub Khan, CSI, NARC
• Achievements
• Sunflower
• Two potential sunflower hybrids, SMH-0907
  (PARSUN-3) and SMH-0917 were tested under
  different environmental conditions of the
  country. All hybrids were tested during four
  growing seasons (i.e. 2 spring and 2 autumn). On
  the average of three seasons SMH-0907 and
  SMH-0917 produced 3534 and 3115 kg/ha,
  respectively. Whereas, commercial imported
  hybrids, Hysun-33 and NK-S-278 produced 2856 and
  2998 kg/ha, respectively.
• A total of 1.8 ton hybrid seed of two potential
  hybrids (SMH-0907 and SMH-0917) was produced
  during 2012 and distributed among farmers on 50
  less price than imported hybrid seed.
• SMH-0907 has been recommended by the Variety
  Evaluation Committee for registration. However,
  advised to submit data of 2nd seasons on
  morphological description of hybrid and parent
  lines. Data have been recorded during spring,
  2013 and is in process of compilation. The hybrid
  has been renamed as PARSUN-3.
• Canola
• Performance of PARC Canola hybrid was almost
  equal (1992 kg/ha) as compared to check,
  Hyola-401 with 1995 kg/ha, However, SPS N7/28
  produced higher yield (2067 kg/ha).

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• Cont
• Seed of parent lines of potential hybrid was
  multiplied at NARC and Kaghan. A total of 750 kg
  seed of PARC canola hybrid was also produced at
  NARC.
• Screening of potential sunflower and canola
  hybrids against major insect pests and diseases .
• Proposals for approval of PARC canola hybrid was
  presented before Variety Evaluation Committee
  (VEC), however, committee advised to present
  again due to some deficiencies. Therefore, the
  proposal will be presented again in August, 2013.
  
• 30 tons of PARC Canola Hybrid seed has been
  marketed during 2011-12 and 2012-13 rabi seasons.
  
• 1.2 ton of Sunflower Hybrid (PARSUN-3) has been
  marketed during spring, 2013.
• Private sector has been involved in promotion of
  sunflower and canola hybrids through planting of
  demo plots of local hybrids on farmers, field.

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• Evaluation of Locally Developed Mandarin Hybrids
  in Potential Citrus Growing Areas (Phase-II) Mr.
  Mukhtar Ahmed, SSO, Fruit Crop Research
  Programme, HRI, NARC
• Achievements
• Two hybrids NARC 05-18 and NARC 05-17 seem a
  promising in respect of fruit production and
  quality parameter (weight, juice content, TSS and
  acidity).
• NARC 05-18 and NARC 05-17 had the maximum average
  fruit weight of 178 gm and 170 gm as compare to
  Kinnow 164 gm.
• Higher TSS was recorded in NARC 05-17 (11.86)
  followed by NARC 05-18 (11.80) compared Kinnow
  with TSS value of (11.30).
• NARC 05-18 had acid content of 0.96 which was
  lower than Kinnow (1.04) fruit harvested on
  10-12-2012.
•  Propagation
•  300 plants of NARC 05-18 and NARC 05-17 were
  grafted
•  Seedless/Less Seeded Mandarin Hybrids
• 63 seedless/less seeded hybrids were developed
  through crosses between Kinnow xTarocco (orange),
  NARC 05-18 x Tarocco and NARC05-17x Sanguinello
  (orange) and planted in fruit area HRI, NARC for
  evaluation studies. The plants will start bearing
  fruit after 4 to 5 years.

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• Adoption and Commercialization of a Small-Scale
  Olive Oil Extraction Unit, Mr. Liaqat Ali Shahid,
  Principal Engineer, ABEI, NARC
• One small scale olive oil extraction plant
  imported, tested/evaluated and demonstrated at
  NARC.
• Demonstrations at farmers fields conducted with
  oil recovery of up to 19.38 observed, oil
  analysis done, overall processing capacity has
  been enhanced by modifying centrifuge. Operation
  cost found at Rs. 9.25/kg.
• Improvements designed and MoU for local
  manufacturing with Pvt. sector signed with a firm
  in Faisalabad for commercialization. (M/s
  International Technology)
• Demonstration of prototype has been carried out.

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• Improvement of Groundnut for short duration and
  yield in rainfed wheat cropping system Malik Shah
  Nawaz, PSO, Oilseed, CSI, NARC
• Achievements
• 134 short duration exotic / local lines were
  evaluated.
• 1 short duration line PG-1058 of duration 110-120
  days has been developed.
• 2 short duration lines PG-963 and PG-1133 of
  100-110 days have also been identified.
• 22 desirable parental lines crossed and F2, F3
  and F4 generations are in field
• Further short duration lines will be selected
• Agronomic and on farm yield trials were
  conducted at NARC-Islamabad, Chakwal, and Attock.

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• Intra and inter-specific variation of oilseed
  brassicas using biochemical and molecular
  markers. Dr. Ashiq Rabbani, PSO, IABGR, NARC
• Achievements
• Acquired 2040 germplasm from abroad and 525 from
  Pakistan.
• 22 elite lines of oilseed group and 13 vegetable
  type identified and seed multiplied.
• 15 lines identified for high yield, oil content,
  low level of erucic acid, glucosinolates.
• Screening of drought tolerance of 300 accessions.
  
• 2 aphid resistant lines of brassica and 3
  non-shattering lines of canola also identified.

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• Marker assisted selection genomic studies on
  stress tolerance in wheat and rice.
• Dr. Ghulam Muhmmad Ali
• Achievements
• Salt tolerant wheat and rice genotypes were
  identified at germination, vegetative growth
  stage and at maturity. These genotypes could be
  used for salt tolerance improvement in
  hybridization with elite cultivars using
  molecular markers aided selection using SSR
  markers identified in the project.
• Lasani and Inqilab wheat varieties have been
  transformed with salt and drought tolerance gene.
  The transformed lines are at T2 stage. Bioassay
  of these lines have shown that these lines are
  relatively better tolerant to drought stress
  maintaining higher turgor and photosynthetic rate
  under drought.
• JP-5 and KSK-282 rice varieties have been
  transformed with salt tolerant gene. The
  transformed lines are at T4 stage. Bioassay of
  these lines have proven their better salt
  tolerance ability.

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• Development of Sorghum Sudangrass hybrids for
  high forage yield and quality characters (2nd
  Phase) Dr. M. Shafiq Zahid, PSO, Fodder Program,
  NARC
• Achievements
• Two promising hybrids lines (A, B R) were
  planted at different locations for
  purification/maintenance purposes. About 464 kg
  pure seed of parental lines (A, B R) of two
  hybrids has been produced that is sufficient to
  develop hybrid seed over an area of 100-150.
• Two hybrids (NARC hybrid-2 and NARC hybrid-4)
  were planted at 7 different locations. About 67
  kg seed was produced and has been utilized for
  adaptability, agronomic trials, demonstrations
  and registration purposes. The other most
  suitable sites are Faisalabad, Sargodha,
  Arifwala.
• The data of 4 cuttings indicated that NARC
  Hybrid-2 and NARC Hybrid-4 were among the
  top-yielding hybrids by producing 138 129 t
  ha-1 green fodder yield, whereas it was 111t
  ha-1 in check (Pak-Sudan).
• Correspondence work for registration is in
  progress with FSC RD. Seed of two registered
  hybrids and their parents were provided to FSCRD
  for 2 years for characterization and DUS data
  generation. Required data for characterization
  generated at NARC has been provided to FSCRD.

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• Characterization of sugarcane germplasm for
  flowering ability (NARC Unit) Dr. Muhammad
  Zubair, PSO, CSI, NARC
• Achievements
• 450 sugarcane germplasm lines were evaluated for
  flowering ability at three locations (Sugarcane
  breeding station-Murree, Sugarcane breeding
  station-Dargai, NSCRI-Thatta.
• At SBS Murree and SBS, Dargai, 10-20 varieties
  flowered. Only thin varieties flowered with
  flowering intensity of 5-30. The fuzz (Sugarcase
  Seed) produced had very poor viability
  (0.1-1.0). These two stations are being run by
  provincial governments proved non-viable for
  sugarcane breeding under natural conditions.
• At NSCRI-Thatta, 40 variety flowered with 40-80
  flowering intensity. Fuzz (Sugarcane seed)
  produced had 7-10 viability. Sugarcane breeding
  is possible at this location by providing
  photoperiod and temperature control chambers.

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• Identification/Selection of parental lines and
  hybrid development in tomato (PGRP) Dr. Abdul
  Ghafoor, PSO, IABGR, NARC
• Achievements
• Genetic resources increased from 100 to 875 in
  the gene bank.
• Among the germplasm evaluated, 30 genotypes were
  identifed as high yielding and out of these 14
  were used in hybridization, and 130 combinations
  were obtained.
• Four hybrids were observed promising and the
  genotypes used in these hybrids were provided to
  the vegetable program.
• Thirty genotypes were screened against salinity
  under hydroponic and three genotypes (019291,
  017909, 017869) were observed tolerant at 100mM
  Na2Cl.
• Bio-chemical and Molecular analysis conducted.
• More than 600 genotypes of tomato germplasm were
  distributed to ten researchers for their research
  including vegetable program and NIAB, Faisalabad.
  The germplasm (gt 300 accessions) were provided to
  students for their degree research program.
• One PhD, one M Sc, two internees were involved in
  the project period.
•  

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• Identification/Selection of parental lines and
  hybrid development in tomato (Vegetable) Mr.
  Muhammad Farooq Chaudhry, PSO, HRI, NARC
• Achievements
• Developed four local hybrids with yield range
  (54.5-60.52 t/ha).
• Developed technology for propagation of tomato
  hybrid plants through cuttings which gave good
  yield compared to plants through seedlings. Also
  a NPK dose (1507575) was standardized for their
  best performance.
• Selected eleven parental lines for tomato hybrid
  development.
• For commercialization of developed hybrids, MOU
  was signed between PATCO and 4-Brothers Private
  Company.

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• Accelerated Development of Hybrid Wheat, Rice,
  Cotton, Sunflower, Non Shattering Canola, Maize
  and Use of Innovative Technologies, Dr. Ahmed
  Bakhsh Mahar, PSO, CSI, NARC
• Achievements
• Cotton
• 65 hybrid combinations developed and 5 high
  yielding selected. 2000 kg hybrid seed produced.
• Among five Gametocides, 2-4-D induced male
  sterility with toxic effect at all 20
  concentrations (0.2 to 5.00 ppm).
• CMS lines (G-97 G-72) identified from Chinese
  germplasm.
• Seven Genetic Male Sterility (GMS) lines acquired
  from CCRI Multan and multiplied.
• Wheat
• Out of 96 cross combination three found
  promising.
• BAU 9403 was identified as chemical hybridizing
  agent with a dose of 300 gm BAU per acre.
• Increase in dose of BAU 9403 reduced seed setting
  on sterile plants. BAU caused delayed maturity.
• Seed setting with BAU 9403 ranged from 33 to 61.
• 0.5 tons hybrid seed was harvested with the
  application of BAU 9403.

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• Cont.
• Embryo Rescue
• Tissue culture protocols were optimized for
  growing immature embryos.
• 15 days old embryos of wheat variety NARC 2009
  exhibited good regeneration response on MS medium
  under dark condition.
• Embryos of maize gave good regeneration response
  on B-5 medium.
• 30 days old hybrid canola embryos showed better
  regeneration activity.
• Maize embryos started germination 4 days after
  culture.
• In vitro root formation was achieved in
  sunflower, maize, brassica and tomato.
• Cuttings of cotton mother plants failed to
  produce roots on various media.
• Precocious germination of 20 days old cotton seed
  was recorded.

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• Sustainability Improvement of Tea Production
  Mr. Abdul Waheed, SSO, NTRI (PARC), Shinkiari,
  Mansehra
• Achievements
• Indigenous germplasm of 3 clones (P-8, P-9, and
  P-3 of North Carolina) from uni-lever acquired
  for evaluation. Quick selection and screening
  protocol of the clones.
• Experiments on 64 elite tea bushes initiated.
• Progeny garden of 12 cultivars established. Out
  of 12, 3 are disease resistance and other 9 are
  relatively susceptible.
• 3-4 acres of tea garden is established at NTRI,
  Mansehra.
• The developed material tested on high elevation
  i.e. AJK.
• Experiments on inter cropping initiated.

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• Ginger and Turmeric Introduction, Acquisition,
  Kitchen gardening and Farm Production Technology
  Dr. Ghulam Mustafa Sajid, PSO, PGRP, IABGR, NARC
• Achievements
• 14 ginger and turmeric lines from Sri Lanka,
  China acquired.
• These lines were cultivated in green house and
  open field. More than 300 ginger plants prepared
  in clay and plastic pots. Growth is good in clay
  pots for kitchen gardening. 2 training imparted
  for private farms and 2 for general public.
  Package of technology to develop with plants for
  farmers and kitchen gardens.
• In-vitro culture established in lab, micro
  propagation started.

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• Fabrication of Liquid Bio-Herbicide Processing
  Unit Dr. Yousaf Hayat, PSO, EBI, NARC, Islamabad
• Achievements
• Bio-herbicide processing unit has been fabricated
  at NARC. Bio-herbicide is formulated from natural
  plants and weeds.
• The product tested against different weeds and it
  has ability to control pre - emergence weeds.
  This is the new intervention for organic growers
  in the country. Some plants have been identified
  like Casia fistula , Lintana, Chinopodium,
  Calotropis, Euphorbia etc.

58

• Fabrication of liquid bio-pesticide and micro
  nutrient formulation unit Mr. Azhar Javed, SSO,
  NARC
• Achievements
• Bio-pesticide and micro nutrient plants
  fabricated at BARD yard NARC for formulation of
  bio-pesticide and organic salt.
• Different organic pesticide formulations have
  been tested against different insect pests
• Products have been standardized and are being
  sold for insect pest control. The most effective
  bio-pesticides are derivatives / decoction of
  garlic, turmeric, hot chillies, ak and some
  others weeds .

59

• Fate of pesticide residues in cotton
  agro-ecosystem and their impact on human health
  and livestock Dr. Karam Ahad, SSO IPEP, NARC
• Achievements
• 249 samples of different matrices like water,
  soil, vegetables, feed/fodder and milk analysed
  showed varying level of pesticide residues
• During pre-cotton season 20 samples above
  MRL(0.5 microgram/l-EU) but during post cotton
  MRL in 95 water samples
• In 91 soil samples the most abundant compound
  was fenpropathrin with mean value of 0.18 mg/kg .
  The pesticide load ranging from 0.02-3.70 mg/kg
• Both pre and post-cotton season vegetables
  samples (89 and 92) were containing MRL above
  FAO/WHO codex. While 100 samples exceeds EU
  limits
• During pre-cotton season only 6 milk samples
  were exceeding codex standard but post-cotton 50
  above codex and EU.
• Muscular weaknesses, skin burn, coughing nausea
  and vomiting were quite high among cotton
  pickers
• The pesticide exposure cause disturbance in the
  thyroid and reproductive hormones in agriculture
  workers

60

• Development of Picking and Pre-cooling Technology
  for Mangoes. Dr. Muslim Abbas Zaidi, ABEI, NARC
• Achievements
• Survey on the current practices of picking and
  pre-cooling.
• Mango picking machine designed and a prototype
  developed in collaboration with Pvt. sector.
• Machine field tested and evaluated in previous
  mango season for improvements/ modifications. MOU
  signed with Pvt. firm for commercialization.
  (Javed Eng. Gujranwala)

61

• Intervention for the Management of Mycotoxin in
  Maize and Groundnut Component-I (Mobile Flat-Bed
  Dryer) Dr. Munir Ahmad, CSO, ABEI, (FMI), NARC
• Achievements
• Dryer has been tested on ear-corn and further
  modifications are made for gas firing and
  increasing volume. For use of solar energy
  designing process is on.
• Evaluated the adaptability of dryer for ground
  nut and ear corn and found suitable. Evaluation
  for autumn ear corn at Depalpur / Okara showed
  that moisture content of 4 ton ear corn dropped
  from 28.7 to 19.7 in 10 hours. The cost of
  drying one kg was Rs. 2.9. The cost of drying
  spring corn was Rs. 1.9 /Kg. Dryer can dry
  produce of one acre in a day.
• Demonstration was carried at Pind Dadan Khan and
  number of farmers participated.
• Mou has been signed with Malik Engineering
  Rawalpindi for commercialization.

62

• Development of milking machine for water
  buffaloes and indigenization of milking machine
  for cows. Dr. Jandool Khan, P. Engineer, ABEI,
  NARC
• Achievements
• Developed a portable bucket milking machine of
  buffaloes and cows
• Milking machine designed and fabricated in
  collaboration with Pvt. Firm (Al-Madina- Okara)
• Tested the performance of machine at Pvt. farm
  Okara and NARC
• Machine is commercialized by the private sector
  firm

63
NATURAL RESOURCES
64

• A strategic approach of chemical and biological
  reclamation of salt affected soils in southern
  zone of KPK, Dr. Abdul Rashid, PSO, AZRI-D.I.
  Khan
• Achievements
• Three approaches studied at AZRI farm
  physical(MB, soil scraping and deep tillage)
  chemical amendments (gypsum, FYM, press mud and
  humic acid) and salt tolerant crops (kallar
  grass, Dhancha (green manure), guava, falsa. The
  trials at farm station indicated great
  improvements with various combination of these
  approaches/amendments and crop rotations. The
  salts have disappeared and crops in good and
  healthy condition. Test of these approaches to
  start at farmers fields.
• Leafet in URDU/PUSHTO on technology package for
  farmers in printing. Project reviewed by
  Technical Division in Nov. 2010 and recommended
  for feld demonstration of technology package and
  its transfer to farming community.

65

• Development of Bio Fertilizer Processing Plant
  Mr. Abdul Waheed Zafar, P. Engineer, ABEI, NARC.
• Achievements
• Organic /bio fertilizer processing unit has been
  fabricated and in operation at NARC. The
  processing unit has capacity to manufacture 200
  bags of organic fertilizers per day.
• Organic fertilizer formulation are as under
• 3122
• 3153
• The raw material used for organic fertilizer are
  farm yard manure, poultry manure, sugarcane press
  mud, rock phosphate, sulphar mud, blood and
  mountains coal.

66

• Evaluation resource conservation technologies
  for improving water productivity in rice-wheat
  cropping system. Mr. Qurban Hussain, PSO, WRRI,
  NARC
• Achievements
• Crop water requirement for wheat and rice crop
  was determined as 383 and 600 mm respectively.
• Double zero tillage increased water productivity
  by 28 for basmati rice as compared to
  conventional method.
• Direct seeding increased water productivity by
  18 for Basmati rice as compare to conventional
  one.
• Saturation and alternate wetting and drying
  irrigation strategies for rice increased water
  productivity by 22 and 19 respectively for
  basmati rice.
• Bed planting with hybrid rice using mechanized
  process in district Kasur on farmers field saved
  35 water as compared to conventional method
  whereas, in Faisalabad hybrid rice on bed saved
  25 water with 15 increase in yield.

67

• Water Productivity and Application Efficiency
  Evaluation under Trickle Irrigation System in
  Stress Environment of D.I Khan Engr. Noman Latif,
  D.I.Khan.
• Achievements
• Developed a package of technology for utilization
  of vulnerable fresh water in stressed areas of D.
  I. Khan.
• Different locally fabricated Drip irrigation
  system installed on 21 acres of land in D.I Khan
• Different locally manufactured drippers were
  tested and recommended for adoption
• Uniformity of water application was 90 in case
  of micro omitters
• Survival rate of fruit plant was higher (85) in
  drip irrigation as compared to surface
• Water saving was 40 as compared to furrow
  irrigation
• Water productivity was 35-40 higher in drip
  irrigation as compared to furrow irrigation system

68

• Conservation of native flora of Cholistan through
  rejuvenation technique. Mr. Mumtaz Hussain, SO,
  AZRI, Bahawalpur
• Achievements
• The different ecological zones of various strata
  of desert plant species have been identified in
  lesser Cholistan desert of Bahawalpur for future
  seed collection and other activities of the
  project.
•  Ten thousands stubbles/buds of eight different
  economic geophytes were collected from different
  areas of Cholistan desert and have been
  propagated at Cholistan farm of AZRI, Bahawalpur
  for multiplication.
•  The seed of different desert trees particularly
  Acacia species were also obtained from Pakistan
  Forest Research Institute, Peshawar to establish
  plants in the nursery of AZRI, Bahawalpur and
  which are ready to provide to the farmers for
  their propogation in Cholistan

69

• Cultivation of Biofuel Plants on Marginal Lands
  in Pakistan Dr. Rukhsana Anjum, Director AZRI,
  Bahawalpur (Umerkot, D. I. Khan, Karachi)
• Achievements
• Procured germplasm of Jatropha curcase from six
  different sources (Australia, India, Thailand,
  Malaysia, Africa ). Raised plants of Pnogamia
  pinnata (Sukh chain) from the locally available
  seed. Seed of Ricinus communis (Castorbean) was
  procured from Ayub Agricultural Research
  Institute, Faisalabad for its successful
  multiplication at AZRI, Bahawalpur. Seed has been
  multiplied a a large scale and is being sold to
  the local farmers.
• More than 28,000 plants of Jatropha and 8,500
  plants of Castor and Sukh Chane have been
  transplanted on 5 acres at AZRI farm, Bahawalpur
  and 4 acres at Cholistan farm. Success rate is
  remarkably high.
• The best sowing time (for bio fuel plants)
  identified is March, and September during the
  year.
• Meanwhile, a very interesting experiment on the
  comparison of growth performance and yield
  potential of caster bean variety (DS-30) .

70

• Production of Export Quality Honey and
  Establishment of Honey Analysis Laboratory for
  Promotion of Honey Export. Ms. Farida Iftikhar,
  SSO, HBRI, NARC
• Achievements
• Organized National Beekeeping Training courses of
  beekeepers for integrated control of American
  foul brood disease, mites, and use of modern
  methods for supplemental feeding to honeybees for
  production of honey free from antibiotics and
  pesticides residues. Trained 60 beekeepers.
• The honey Analysis Lab. has been established. The
  honey analysis has been started.
• Parameter tested are pH, total acidity,
  moisture, electrical conductivity, HMF, diastase
  enzyme, sucrose, total sugars and pollen analysis

71

• Improvement in the production techniques of
  Royal, Jelly, Pollen, Propolis, Beeswax and their
  value added products for livelihood. Mr. Rashid
  Mehmood, SSO, HBRI, NARC.
• Achievements
• Newly devised pollen trap technique (Fixed) for
  collection of pollen without disturbing honeybees
  and demonstrated among beekeepers.
• Developed bottom board pollen trap for beehives.
• Standardized techniques for the production of
  royal jelly, pollen and successfully produced
  Royal jelly and collected pollen.
• A limited quantity of bee pollen (Natural food
  supplement) and royal jelly with honey (tonic),
  candle wax sheets are available at Honey Bee
  Research Institute, NARC for sale
• Initiated Apiculture in Sakardu and training of
  staff.
• Organized training workshops on Management of
  Honeybees for the production of Royal jelly,
  Pollen, Propolis, Beeswax and their value added
  products.

72

• Production technology of black cumin M. Qasim,
  SSO, MARC, Juglote, Gilgit
• Achievements
• Success fully Black Cumin through seeding and
  introduced in Astore valley of Gilgit Baltistan.
•  Mountain Agricultural Research Centre (MARC),
  PARC developed production technologies for
  cultivation of Black cumin.
•  The results of the investigation revealed that
  the Black cumin can be propagated through seeds
  and bulbs. Its excellent aroma fetches attractive
  and higher prices in the market.
•  The technologies were introduced through
  trainings, filed visits and contacts with the
  farmers and extension departments

73
ANIMAL SCIENCES
74

• Stair-step heifer development program for
  induction of early puberty. Dr. Imdad Hussain
  Mirza, Director, ASI, NARC
• Achievements
• With Stair-step feeding scheme , conception in
  Nili-Ravi buffalo and Sahiwal cattle heifers can
  be achieved in 18-24 month at comparatively
  lower cost without any performance loss
• with the help of Stair Step Feeding Scheme (6
  phases of 4-2-4-2-4-2 months i.e. low energy diet
  (80 Metabolizable Energy of NRC) for 4 months
  (1st phase), followed by high energy diet (120
  ME of NRC) for 2 months (2nd phase), low energy
  diet for 4 months (3rd phase), high energy diet
  for 2 months (4th phase) and so on) as compared
  to NRC feeding requirements.
• Average milk yield of Sahiwal heifer reared on
  Stair-step was 26 higher than normal diet
• SSFS offered a simple, practical and cost
  effective method for raising dairy cattle and
  buffalo heifers.

75

• Comparison of oestrous synchronization protocols
  to improve fertility in buffalo. Dr. M. Anwar,
  PSO, ASI, NARC
• Achievements
• 80 conception rate was achieved in buffaloes
  after estrus synchronization during peak breeding
  season under controlled conditions using Ovsynch
  protocol (GnRH, PGF20)
• 54 conception rate was achieved in buffaloes
  after synchronizing estrus during peak breeding
  season under field conditions.
• PGF 20 worked well to induce fruitful heat in
  buffalo during low breeding season (Feb-Jun)
• More valuable finding was that 80 buffaloes
  showed estrus in low breeding season (summer)
  after the application of hormonal
  treatment/device and 40 treated animals became
  pregnant. In this way season ability of breeding
  was partially overcome in buffaloes.
• So these treatments could be used to popularize
  artificial insemination in buffaloes.

76

• Cryopreservation and evaluation of buffalo and
  goat semen. Dr. Abid Mehmood, PSO, ASI, NARC
• Achievements
• A simple milk based extender, which is easy to
  use, was standardized for the cryopreservation of
  buffalo semens.
• Addition of antioxidant (Glutathionine) improved
  post-thaw ability of buffalo bull semen.
• Kidding with artificial insemination (A.I) in
  heat synchronization does was achieved
  successfully for first time in Pakistan
• A cost effective and short duration heat
  synchronization protocol with cloprosterol
  injection (synthetic prostaglandin) for fix time
  A.I. in goats was standardized

77

• Study on Biology, Captive breeding aspects of
  indigenous endangered wild animals and birds Mr.
  Saleem Zahid, PSO, Poultry, ASI, NARC
• Achievements
• Facilities for breeding of endangered wild
  animals and birds were established at ASI, NARC.
  Currently 10 wild animals and 18 wild birds are
  maintained at this facility.
• Breeding of Hog deer, Black Buck, Jungle fowl,
  Pheasants and Peafowl under captivity was
  achieved successfully for their conservation and
  further propagation.
• Breeding results and data on captive breeding
  have been compiled to share with students,
  researchers, farmers and wildlife lovers.

78

• Characterization of avian influenza FMD viruses
  and development of immunogenic vaccines. Dr.
  Khalid Naeem, CSI, NARC
• Achievements
• Bio-safe laboratory were established at NARC
• Established cell culture (BHK-21) set up for
  growth of FMD viruses. The cell line was also
  shared with FMD research center, VRI, lahore for
  propagation of FMDV, which was replaced their 30
  years old cell line stock
• Sequencing of 25 isolates of Avian influenza and
  2 FMD viruses was carried out and the sequence
  data was submitted to gene bank.
• RT-PCR and Immuno-capture ELISA for FMD
  diagnosis was standardized.
• A total of 16 isolates of FMDV serotype (A,O,
  Asia 1) were propagated successfully in BHK-21
  and lyophilized for future use in developing new
  FMD vaccines

79

• Diagnosis and Control of Parasitic and Microbial
  Infestation in Exotic/ Indigenous Carp Cultured
  in Fish Farm of Punjab. Dr. Muhammad Afzal, SSO,
  Aquaculture Fishries Program, NARC
• Achievements
• Thirty one fish farm and hatcheries were visited
  in distt Faisalabd, Jhang and Toba Tek singh
• Fish samples were collected randomly from
  selected farms for the disease diagnosis . The
  fish samples included the major and chinese carb
• Sampled fish were examined externally for
  parasites and the fish samples were also brought
  back to NARC for bacterial studies
• Lernea, Argulus, Dropsy, Gillrot, Finrot were
  found in 21 fish farms. The prevalence of disease
  in visited farms was found to be almost 69.
• Saprolegniasis was also found in Satiana. Catla
  catla, Labeo rohita and H. molitrix were infected
  with bacterial disease, fin rot.
• Lernea, Argulus, Dropsy, Gillrot, Finrot of fish
  in pond culture was treated with bath /treatment
  (KMNO4/Antibiotics and DOB)

80

• Feed formulation and disease diagnostics studies
  of trout fish in northern areas, Mr. Muhammad
  Aziz, SSO, MARC, Gilgit
• Achievements
• Developed cost efficient and balance feed for
  raising fish . This increased the average growth
  rate 15-25 gm/month. Reduced feed cost up to 60
• Seven bacterial diseases of trout fish were
  identified and successfully treated with 90
  recovery rate.
• Reduced nutritional disease i.e. degeneration of
  liver, inflammation of intestine, with increase
  of vitamins in adult stages.
• The research findings have been communicated
  through personal contacts to the local trout
  farmers and extension workers of G-B Fisheries
  Department.

81
SOCIAL SCIENCES
82

• Political Economy of Sugar Industry in Pakistan,
  Dr. Ali Muhammad Khushk, PSO, TTI, ARI, Tandojam
• Achievements
• Previous sugar policies reviewed through
  literature review
• Comprehensive data of all stake holders collected
  through interviews and analysed
• A report on all actors involved in sugar industry
  from farmers to sugar mills with their weaknesses
  and strengths is prepared and several policy
  recommendations of all levels are made.
• Bi-products and other sources of sugar/sweeteners
  identified and proposed to reduce pressure on
  cane.
• The report and recommendations have been sent to
  MINFA, APCOM, TCP, Pak Sugar Mills Owner
  Association and growers association for their
  consideration/implementation.

83

• Assessment of harvest and post-harvest losses in
  selected fruits in Pakistan, Mr. Mazher Abbas,
  SSO, TTI (PARC) AARI, Faisalabad
• Achievements
• Heavy losses reported in Mango (11.5) and citrus
  (8), with economic value of loss of Rs. 3735/t
  and Rs. 1842/t.
• The losses estimated for mango, citrus and dates
  for year 2008-09, was Rs. 46.0 billion in
  monetary term.
• Up-scaling capacity of farmers contractors,
  businessmen recommended.

84

• Research Strategies for Agricultural Growth and
  Poverty Reduction Dr. Umar Farooq, CSO, SSD, PARC
  
• Achievements
• Poverty alleviation coefficient estimated for
  various factors contributing to poverty
  alleviation, which revealed a long term
  relationship between agriculture sector and
  poverty reduction.
• Major crop rotations addressed on the water audit
  basis to save on water cost as well as water
  saving.
• Zonal research system on the farming system
  research is found better option for research
  priorities as well as on product development with
  value addition. More profitable crops and
  products to be prioritised for improvement of
  research system.
• More research system related reforms and options
  suggested.

85

• An analysis of Food Consumption Diversification
  in Pakistan, Muhammad Ishaq, SSO, TTI, Ternab,
  Peshawar
• Achievements
• Consumption trends in Pakistan has shown
  considerable variation over time, there is
  considerable downward trend in consumption of
  wheat and pulses, but upward in other
  commodities.
• Shift is from low value to high value food
  products.
• The demand for all feed products is price
  inelastic.
• Policy implication for planning to make available
  products ahead of time.

86

• An Analysis of the Adoptation and Impact of
  Cultivation of new cotton varieties in Pakistan
  Mr. Muhammad Ibrahim Lashari, TTI, Tandojam,
  Sindh
• Achievements
• Survey completed comprising 440 Bt cotton growers
  using imported identification immune-strips.
• First draft report on growers has been prepared
  and submitted. Results shared with higher
  authorities for taking necessary
  regulatory/policy actions.
• 47.5 cotton area planted Bt Cotton in 2008,
  which increased to 63 in 2009.
• Results indicate 23 GM/Bt cotton varieties were
  grown and 5-46 samples were detected as fake Bt
  cotton with Punjab 15, Sindh 17 and Baluchistan
  07.
• The fake Bt cotton cost Rs. 345 million to
  farmers in 2009.

87
Ongoing Sub-Research Projects of RADP
88
CROP SCIENCES
89

• Genetic Manipulation for Induction of Resistance
  against Fungal Disease and Potato seed Production
  Dr. Iqbal Hussain, SO, PBP, NARC
• Achievements
• Production of 40,000 virus free in vitro plants
  of four potato varieties (Kuroda, Desiree, Santey
  Hermes and Lady Rosetta).
• Production of six ton virus free potato seed.
• Virus free seed was disseminated among
  progressive farmers for further multiplication.
• A part of seed is planted at Kaghan for further
  multiplication.
• Collaborative seed multiplication is under way
  with Hazara Research Station Abottabad and Deptt
  of Agriculture Gilgit Baltistan.
• Production transgenic potato having resistance
  against fungal diseases.
• Human resource training in potato tissue culture
  from Northern areas and Ph.D/M. Phil. students.
• Published research achievements in
  local/international journals.

90

• Making NARC campus Rodent Free through
  operational research, Shahid Munir, SSO,
  VPMP/IPEP/NARC
• Achievements
• RODENT CONTROL AT NARC FARM
• Total cultivated area of NARC was divided into 12
  zones where rodent control operation was carried
  out.
• Infested areas especially wheat, fodder,
  sugarcane, vegetable fruit orchards were
  targeted to manage the rodent population in the
  first phase.
• Control strategies comprised of application of
  fumigants, acute and chronic rodenticides.
• A total of 18,611 burrows were treated in three
  steps. In first treatment fumigation with
  aluminium phosphide was carried out followed by
  application of different formulations of acute
  and chronic rodenticides.
• Rodenticide baits were applied in PVC bait
  station and using underground baiting technique.
• Overall 57.81 Kg Aluminium phosphide tablets,
  47.85 Kg Zinc phosphide grain bait and 117 Kg
  Coumatetralyl grain bait was used. Overall 80 to
  90 reduction in burrow activity was estimated by
  counting the pre and post-treatment number of
  burrows.
• One day hands on training in rodent management in
  field crops was imparted to 35 field staff
  personnels and DPLS of different commodity
  programmes of NARC.
• RODENT CONTROL IN STRUCTURES
• A total of 423 PVC bait stations were installed
  in Offices, labs, Stores, and residential areas.
  Overall 47.9 Kg Coumatetralyl pellet bait was
  applied in PVC bait stations. No further damage
  was reported from the treated area.

91

• Genetic diversity analysis of brassica oilseeds
  and adaptability testing of elite lines at
  different ecologies (follow up project) Abdul
  Ghafoor, PSO, IABGR, NARC
• Achievements
• Two hundred and forty two accessions of brassica
  germplasm were regenerated during 2012 for
  conservation and distribution to user
  communities. In addition, one hundred and ten
  accessions of brassica were collected from
  Bahawalpur and Mingora, Swat. During the project
  period (2 years), 490 accessions of brassica
  oilseeds were added in the genebank after
  regeneration under field conditions at NARC.
• Thirteen promising genotypes (24866, 27388,
  27397, 27398, 27406, 27410, 27425, 27435, 27440,
  27443, 27444, 27445, 27450) of brassica from
  exotic origin were identified on the basis of
  their superior performance and these were planted
  under six locations to select the best one/s. The
  data is yet to be compiled. In addition to
  multilocational trials, 100 accessions of
  brassica were planted under field condition at
  NARC for characterization and evaluation purpose,
  and among these thirty eight accessions did not
  germinate or were damaged badly with hail storm,
  hence the data were recorded for sixty two
  accessions that will be presented in the report.
• Seed proteins profiling of 200 accessions were
  conducted that indicated low genetic diversity
  among accessions within one species.
  Fingerprinting of cultivars was made on the basis
  of SSR markers. One hundred and eight SSR primer
  pairs were screened using two improved cultivars
  of Brassica carinata and most informative markers
  were identified for further use.

92

• Achievements
• DNA profiling of 100 accessions of Brassica was
  carried out using 52 SSR markers for diversity
  analysis.The SSR markers analysis will help us in
  variety protection, plant breeder rights and
  marker assisted breeding.
• More than 500 accessions were analyzed for
  erucic acid and glucosinolates, and nine
  accessions (27380, 27382, 27391, 27392, 27394,
  27438, 27443, 26147, 26321) exhibited low erucic
  acid and glucosinolates. The seed of these
  accessions will be multiplied and will be shared
  with the researchers working on brassica
  improvement.
• A promising line (26187) of Eruca sativa
  (Taramira) having yield potential of more than
  1200 kg/ha has been identified and it was planted
  at four location during 2012-13 and excelled as
  compared to the local cultivar.
• One M.Phil and two Ph.D. students have already
  completed their dissertation research, while
  research work of three students is underway at
  the moment.

93
Determination of the severity of HLB and CTV in
citrus growing areas of Punjab and KPK, Dr.
Shahid Hameed, SSO, IPEP, NARC Achievements MONI
TORING OF CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS (CTV) IN
PUNJAB  Major growing areas of Punjab were
surveyed and 510 random citrus leaf samples were
collected. The areas surveyed include Sargodah,
Toba Tak Singh, and Faisalabad. The samples were
tested through DAS-ELISA against CTV. Incidence
range in the province was 10-40. Citrus Tristeza
Virus (CTV) diseases was prevalent in all area
surveyed. MONITORING OF CTV IN KHYBER
PAKHTUNKHAWA PROVINCE  Citrus growing areas of
Khyber Pakhtunkhawa province were surveyed and
300 random citrus leaf samples were collecteted.
The areas surveyed include Peshawar, Nowshera,
Mardan, Swabi, Swat, Malakand Agency and Dir. The
samples collected were tested against Citrus
Tristeza Virus (CTV) diseases through DAS-ELISA
for detection and identification in accordance to
find the incidence and prevalence of this
disease. Forty citrus samples were tested through
ELISA against Citrus Triteza Virus (CTV). The
result showed that all locations were found
infected with CTV with different infection rate.
Percent incidence of CTV in Peshawar,
94
Cont. Nowshera, Mardan, Swabi, Swat, Dir and
Malakand Agency were 50, 45, 28, 20, 16, 44
and 20 respectively. An average incidence of
43.33 was recorded in the KPK province.  GENETIC
DIVERSITY AMONG CTV ISOLATES Six Citrus Tristeza
virus (CTV) ELISA positive were amplified through
PCR and an expected product size of ca. 600 bp
was obtained. CITRUS GREENING The citrus plants
with HLB symptoms showed pale yellowing with
mosaic pattern or variegated type of chlorosis
and reduce in size. Based on these symptoms 35
samples of NARC citrus field were collected and
analyzed through PCR using five different methods
i.e. DNA zol, Plant Phine PcR Direct kit,,
Genomic DNA purification kit, CTAB method and DNA
NEASY Kit. The DNA efficacy was analyzed through
gel electrophoreses and was found maximum. Later
PCR was used to analyze by using three sets of
primers viz. A2/55, Oi1/Oi2C, and General Primers
for HLB. The first set Oi1/Oi2c is 16rDNA based
primer which is specific for detection of
Ca-L-asiaticus and Ca-L-Africanus yielding the
1160pb PCR product after amplification. Although
the infected trees showed clear symptoms but PCR
based detection has not yet achieved and is in
process.
95

• Management of Viruses infecting Garlic in
  Pakistan, Talat Shaheen Gilani, SSO,IPEP, NARC
• Achievements
• Survey of four locations of Punjab Khanewal,
  Gujranwala ,Sialkot and Kasur was carried out
  and 290 samples were collected from different
  farmer fields and age infection recorded was
  33.44 through DAS ELISA against OYDV.
• Survey of eight locations of Khyberpukhtunkhawa
  was carried out and 400 samples from farmer
  fields were collected. DAS ELISA results of
  samples showed that OYDV was prevalent at all
  locations with maximum 90 at Swabi and minimum
  of 20 at Malakand and Nowshera.
•  Identification and indexing of garlic germplasm
  was carried out at NARC field for seven
  varieties of garlic cv Iranian, Italian, Chinese,
  NARC-09,MJ-84, JS-1 and Desi to find out the
  tolerant /resistant varieties.The age infection
  of OYDV was decreased due to the management
  practice i-e the sowing of virus free Elisa
  tested cloves in the field.
• All plants of seven varieties tested through DAS
  ELISA showed different degrees of infection.The
  decrease of infection was due to the good
  management practices adopted durin experiment.
•  OYDV and Leek Yellow Stripe Virus (LYSV) were
  recorded for the first time in Pakistan.

96

• Establishment of Botanical Garden for Cultivation
  of wild plants of Pakistan to introduce
  non-conventional crops in cultivation for value
  addition, Dr. Rubina Akhtar, PSO, IABGR, NARC
• Achievements
• Land preparation, weed clearing, land levelling,
  irrigation channels done. Landscape design
  prepared. Seed sowing for spring planting done.
• Bulbs and cuttings grown for spring season
  according to the requirement of plant species.

97

• Extraction and analysis of essential oil from
  rose, jasmine and aromatic herbs, Dr. Muhammad
  Naeem Ullah, PSO, IABGR, NARC
• Achievements
• Clonal repository of medicinal plants including
  mint, basil, thyme, lavender, rosemary, oregano
  and other important plants is being maintained at
  Institute of agricultural Biotechnology Genetic
  Resources, NARC.
• Mint germplasm was characterized for major
  polyphenols. Caffeic acid was present in highest
  amount (315.4 mg/g DW) in catnip mint followed by
  white mint (314.8 mg/g DW). Cool mint (M.
  spicata) was having highest amount of rosmarinic
  acid (298.2 mg/g DW). Ferrulic acid was also
  present in considerably high quantity suggesting
  the mint as potential source of dietary phenols.
• Essential oil of 18 mint local and exotic
  accessions was analyzed for chemical
  constituents. A wide array of chemical compounds
  was detected. Highest menthol contents were
  detected in locally collected white and purple
  flower mint. Mentha longifolia. Nana Asavi
  introduced from Saudi Arabi