Across a Hundred Mountains

1
ENRIQUES JOURNEY  
THE STORY OF A BOYS DANGEROUS ODYSSEY TO REUNITE
WITH HIS MOTHER
Sonia Nazario
LESSON 4 Chapter 7, Afterword Epilogue
On the Same Page Classroom Curriculum 2013-2014 Ja
net Rachel Johns, Ed.D
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Photo prediction

• Look at each image.
• Predict what you believe the image is teaching
  you about Enriques Journey and some of Enriques
  family members.
• Write thoughts, words, or a phrase that the image
  communicates to you?
• Share your opinions with the members of your
  group.
• Share out with the whole class.

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Photo prediction

• Predict what you believe the image is teaching
  you about Enriques Journey and some of Enriques
  family members.
• Write thoughts, words, or a phrase that the image
  communicates to you?

7
Drta Directed Reading thinking activity

• María Isabel is relieved.
• She tells herself that it is all right, that
  Jasmín doesnt really understand what is
  happening.
• María Isabel does not say good-bye to her
  daughter. She does not hug her.
• She gets out of the car and walks briskly into
  the bus terminal.
• She does not look back. She never tells her she
  is going to the United States.
• Rosa Amalia lifts Jasmín onto the hood of her
  car. As the bus pulls out of the terminal, she
  tells the girl to say good-bye.
• Jasmín waves with both hands and calls out,
  Adiós, mami. Adiós, mami. Adiós, mami. Adiós,
  mami. (p. 240)

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ANTICIPATORY GUIDE

• Agree/Disagree
• People come to the United States to prosper and
  send money back to their families living in other
  countries.
• A true mother is someone who raises and nurtures
  a child.
• Education is the way to succeed and find a place
  in society.
• Immigration is good for migrants, the countries
  they come from and for the United States and its
  citizens.
• Most immigrants would rather stay in their home
  countries with their extended families.

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DIRECTED READING WITH NUMBERED HEADS Dialogue
Reading

• Chapter 7 The Girl Left Behind, p. 197-240
• Dialogue Read (p. 197-198) How does Enrique
  berate his mother? Do you agree with Enrique?
  Explain your answer.
• How does Lourdes defend herself and her actions?
  Do you agree with Lourdes? Explain your answer.
  (p. 199-200)
• What is the cause of Enriques resentment towards
  his mother? How does he punish her? How does she
  respond? (p. 200-201)
• How are both Enrique and Maria Isabels lives in
  spiraling out of control? Who is responsible?
  What can be done? (p. 202-203)
• How do Enrique and Lourdes spend the holidays?
  (p. 203-204)

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DIRECTED READING WITH NUMBERED HEADS

• HONDURAS
• Describe the living situation for both María
  Isabel and her daughter, Jasmín, with Enriques
  family in Honduras. (p. 204-205)
• Why is María Isabel being vigilantly watched? By
  who? Do you believe that this is right? Explain
  your answer. (p. 205-206)
• What accusations are made against María Isabel?
  How does she defend herself? (p. 206-209)

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DIRECTED READING WITH NUMBERED HEADS

• UNITED STATES
• How does Lourdess boyfriends fourteen-year-old
  son adjust to life in the United States? What may
  be some of the causes for his acting out? (p.
  209)
• How does Enrique cope with his new life? Explain
  your response. (209-212)
• What support do young migrants like Enrique need?
  Why do you think so?
•  
• HONDURAS
• Describe Maria Isabels living conditions and why
  she has to move out. (p. 212)
• Describe the neighborhood of Los Tubos, where
  María Isabels mother lives. (p. 213)
• How does life change for both María Isabel and
  her daughter, Jasmín, once they move to Los
  Tubos? Explain. (p. 214-216)

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DIRECTED READING WITH NUMBERED HEADS

• UNITED STATES
• Why does Enrique turn around his life? Why new
  choices is he making? (p. 216-218)
• HONDURAS
• Why does Lourdess sister, Mirian, decide to go
  to the United States? Why does Belky agree with
  her decision? (p. 218-220)
• How do both María Isabel and Enriques lives
  change overtime? What are some of the reasons
  that they are growing apart? Explain. (p.
  220-222)

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DIRECTED READING WITH NUMBERED HEADS

• UNITED STATES
• How does Mirian adjust to life in the United
  States? (p. 222-223)
• How does Enrique adjust to life without his
  daughter and María Isabel? (p. 224)
•  
• HONDURAS
• Describe the mother-daughter relationship between
  María Isabel and Jasmín? Why cant María Isabel
  leave her daughter behind? (p. 224-226)
• Describe the economic conditions for females
  working in Honduras? (226-227)
• What makes the decision to go to the United
  States so difficult? What are the pros and cons
  that María Isabel considers? (p. 227-213)

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DIRECTED READING WITH NUMBERED HEADS

• UNITED STATES
• Besides her work on the cleaning crew, what other
  responsibilities fall on Lourdes? Do you think
  this is right? Why or why not? (p. 231)
• What are some of the reasons for a difficult
  relationship between Enrique and Lourdes? (p.
  132-133)
• Why are Enrique and Lourdes separated again? Is
  this a good thing in your opinion? Explain. (p.
  233-234)
• How does the move to North Carolina change
  Enrique and his feelings towards his family? (p.
  234-235)

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DIRECTED READING WITH NUMBERED HEADS

• THE GIRL LEFT BEHIND
• Dialogue read (p. 237-240)
• Why does María Isabel decide to go north? How
  does she prepare for the separation from her
  daughter?
• What decision would you have made? Explain.

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DIRECTED READING WITH NUMBERED HEADS

• Afterword (p. 241-260)
• WOMEN, CHILDREN, AND THE IMMIGRATION DEBATE
• What story do the statistics tell us about
  children in the U.S. (p. 241)
• What makes the journey so treacherous? (p. 214)
• Who are the perpetrators? What can be done to
  stop them? (p. 242)
• Who is continuing to travel north despite the
  dangers? Explain. (p. 243)
• Make a T-CHART listing the pros and cons for
  migrants living in the U.S. (p. 243-244)
• Is immigration good for the migrants, the
  countries they come from, and for the United
  States and its citizens? Explain your opinion.
  (p. 243-244)

Pros Cons
     
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DIRECTED READING WITH NUMBERED HEADS

• NEWCOMER TRAUMAS
• What are the common and devastating traumas that
  many newcomers suffer, according to counselor,
  Gabriel Murillo? (p. 245-247)
• What are common situations for children who have
  been separated from their mothers? (246-248)
•  
• LANDS LEFT BEHIND
• How does the exodus of immigrants provide an
  escape valve for countries with economic
  problems? (p. 249)
• How does being a child left behind mark you for
  life? (p. 250)
• IMMIGRANT NATION
• How do Enrique and Lourdes differ on the impact
  of illegal immigration? Who do you agree with?
  Explain your opinion. (p. 251)

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DIRECTED READING WITH NUMBERED HEADS

• How do native born workers generally differ from
  those in the country illegally? Explain. (p. 252)
• How do immigrants help the U.S. economy? (p.
  252-253)
•  
• BENEFIT AND BURDEN
• What are some of the negative consequences of
  immigration? (p. 253-255) Make a list of at least
  five with the members of your group.
• Why did many Latino residents support Proposition
  187? (p. 256)
• What are additional benefits and burdens of
  immigration? (p. 257)

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DIRECTED READING WITH NUMBERED HEADS

• SCHIZOPHRENIC POLICIES
• Who benefits from immigration? Who has the most
  to lose? Explain. (p. 257-258)
• What makes the U.S. immigration policies
  schizophrenic? (p. 258)
• What can be done to curb immigration? What do the
  experts say? (p. 259-260)

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DIRECTED READING WITH NUMBERED HEADS

• Epilogue (p. 261-267)
• How does María Isabels journey north differ from
  Enriques? Why do you think so? Do you believe
  that Jasmín will join her parents someday?
  Explain. (p. 261-262)
• How does the separation between Belky and Lourdes
  impact their lives? (p. 262-263)
• Dialogue read (p. 263-267) How does appearing on
  Don Francisco Presenta on September 11, 2006
  impact their lives? How do you think each of them
  felt? How do you know?

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FIND THE MEANING

• Synonyms or words with similar meanings
• Find the synonym of each underlined word in the
  sentence, using the context to help you find the
  meaning.
• Write a sentence using the new word.

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FIND THE MEANING

• Or quell the (1) loneliness he felt being moved
  from one relative to the next? (p. 197)
• He (2) berates Lourdes for leaving him with a
  father she knew was irresponsible. (p. 197)
• María Isabel (3) seethes. She says nothing. (p.
  206)
• María Isabel is enraged they are (4) sullying
  one of the few things she has her honor. (p.
  208)
• María Isabel feels she is being forced to have
  her daughters celebration with women who have
  (5) maligned her as a bad mom. (p. 208)
• Enrique blames the boys father for his
  aggressiveness and (6) penchant to fight. (p.
  209)

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FIND THE MEANING

• Lourdes is (7) despondent. She worries that he
  will kill himself driving recklessly. (p. 211)
• He has (8) excruciating pain when he turns his
  head. (p. 211)
• She has the same temperament as Enrique and
  Lourdes she is (9) testy, a stubborn fighter who
  stands her ground. (p. 215)
• Before, when Enrique told her he was clean, she
  could (10) ferret out the truth for herself. (p.
  221)
• Many Americans understand that being born in the
  United States, with all the opportunities that
  entails, is a matter of sheer (11) serendipity.
  (p. 252)
• Many immigration observers believe U.S. officials
  have pursued a purposefully (12) schizophrenic
  immigration policy. (p. 258)

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QUOTABLE QUOTES

• Choose one quote below and write in it your
  literature log.
• Summarize the main points of the text, rewriting
  it in your own words.
• How does this quote apply to you and your life?
• What can we learn from this persons words?
• How can others benefit from this knowledge?

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QUOTABLE QUOTES

• I think shell love me when she sees me, he
  tells himself. He pictures how their lives
  together will be. Everyone in Lourdess house
  eats dinner at different hours, whenever they get
  home from work. His family will eat dinner
  together. Enrique (p. 224)
• Murillos conclusion The parents say I had to
  do it. But thats not enough for these children.
  All of them feel the resentment. Special
  education teacher Marga Rodriguez adds, This
  isnt worth it. In the end, you lose your kids.
  But she admits she doesnt know what its like
  not to have anything to feed your hungry
  children. (p. 248)

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QUOTABLE QUOTES

• Enrique and Lourdes disagree about the impact of
  this on the United States. Enrique says that were
  he an American citizen, he would want to curtail
  illegal immigration. Like most on his paint crew,
  he explains, he gets paid cash under the table
  and contributes no taxes on what he earns. (p.
  251)
• Lourdes disagrees. Yes, she says, her daughter
  was born at a public hospital, and she received
  welfare for a time. Still, she pays taxes and is
  entitled to those services. To her, immigrant
  labor is the engine that helps drive the American
  economy. Immigrants like herself, she says, work
  hard at jobs no American wants to do, at least
  not for minimum wage with no health benefits or
  paid vacation time. (p. 251)
• Many Americans understand that being born in the
  United States, with all the opportunities that
  entails, is a matter of sheer serendipity. Sonia
  Nazario (p. 252)

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A PULITZER PRIZE WINNER GOING THAT EXTRA MILE

• As you have learned, Sonia Nazario, went that
  extra mile as a journalist for over five years to
  conduct research for the making of Enriques
  Journey.
• Read the last two sections of the book to learn
  vital information about Sonia, her work ethic and
  all she did as a reporter to protect her clients
  and accurately represent the truth NOTES (p.
  269-295) and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (p. 297-300).
•  

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A PULITZER PRIZE WINNER GOING THAT EXTRA MILE

• Make a T-Chart with a list of ten essential
  requirements of a Pulitzer Prize Winning
  Journalist/Author and the reasons or rationale
  why this is a valid requirement.
•  

Requirement Rationale
Example 1) Decision to use only the first names of Enrique and Lourdes and their family members       1)Publishing their maternal or paternal name or both, would make them identifiable to authorities.
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ACTION RESEARCH uncover the truth

• In order to understand the social, political and
  economic background of Enriques Story, it is
  important to learn firsthand from primary and
  secondary sources of the immigration issue and to
  read from various points of view.
• For some journalists, research means sitting at
  a computer and surfing GoogleFor Sonia
  Nazarioit means leaving home for months at a
  time to sit on top of a moving freight train
  running the length of Mexico, risking her life
  San Francisco Chronicle
•  

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ACTION RESEARCH UNCOVER THE TRUTH

• Watch an interview/presentation by Sonia Nazario
• English Sonia Nazario Enriques Journey
  http//www.youtube.com/watch?vNqtvRxpHet8
• Spanish Sonia Nazario Escritora (La Travesia
  Spanish De Enrique ) Entrevista con Sonia
  Nazario http//www.youtube.com/watch?veruGtNj2wVk
  
• ASSIGNMENT
• Write a one-page review of this
  presentation/interview with Sonia Nazario. What
  important message is she communicating? How can
  her message initiate change in our U.S.
  Immigration Policy?

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DEBATE Agree to disagree

• You have read Sonias book and a number of
  articles as well as the viewing of many videos.
• You will read many different opinions about the
  immigration debate. Choose two quotes First, a
  quote that you agree with and explain why.
  Secondly, choose a quote you disagree with and
  explain your reasons.

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DEBATE Agree to disagree

• You may draw a chart in your literature log as
  follows

Quote (Agree)  
Why do you agree with this quote?    
Quote (Disagree)    
Why do you disagree with this quote?    
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DEBATE Agree to disagree - quotes

• It is a refreshing change to read an article on
  illegal immigration that doesnt put the blame on
  the victim because illegal immigrants are just
  that victims. In most cases they were victims in
  their home country of oppression and
  discrimination and that is the main reason they
  left and went to the US.... just to find that
  they are now victims of an oppressive and biased
  legal system that doesnt allow them a clear path
  to legalization.
• Social and economic development for poor
  countries is the key to deal with illegal
  immigration. When living conditions improve in a
  country, people have fewer reasons to migrate. It
  is time for US to address the real factors
  fueling illegal immigration, establishing
  regional initiatives for social and economic
  advancement.
• Right now we need to create opportunities for
  unemployed and underemployed U.S. citizens. We
  must take care of our own first.
•  

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DEBATE Agree to disagree - quotes

• The truth is that the countries that these
  illegal immigrants come from do not care that
  they have left their countries. Instead they reap
  the reward of millions of dollars sent to these
  nations by illegals. The United States is a
  safety valve that helps control these nations
  overpopulation problems, crime, and poverty. We
  taxpaying citizens are left holding the bag in
  terms of medical care education and many other
  services we provide, in addition to the taking of
  jobs and lowering the wages of poor Americans.
• I agree totally that the way to curtail illegal
  immigration is by creating opportunities in poor
  countries. I, myself, migrated to the United
  States in 1977 and, although I didn't go through
  the nightmare that Enrique and his family
  endured, it was pretty traumatic. One day, I
  found myself living in a room, eating where I
  could, and working in a factory twelve hours a
  day for 80.00 dollars a week. Luckily, I found
  an angel who married me and put me through
  college. But my family, who was left behind, was
  lost in the shuffle. When I went back my sister
  and my nieces had become teenagers, and forever I
  feel that I lost that "link" between them and me.
   
•  

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DEBATE Agree to disagree - quotes

• I am an illegal immigrant. I came here legally in
  2003, and overstayed my VISA. True I felt, and
  still I do feel, guilty. I had almost nothing for
  what to come back home (Spain), and many memories
  and dreams to follow and pursue here. I just
  wanted to stay here so badly that I started my
  new life here giving the best from myself. Sadly,
  to be illegal, put me in the shadow, and barely I
  could have a 'normal' life (always studying and
  working), but in a little poverty. 
• For one minute pretend you are poor, uneducated
  and living in a place where that is most likely
  never going to change - especially if you are a
  woman. Now add to that you have a family to feed.
  What do you do? Let them starve or ignore a
  man-made border and law and find work to support
  them? Oh I know some of you think the poor should
  not have children but it happens for many reasons
  - culture, religion, lack of education, abuse, no
  access to birth control etc. The fact remains the
  law and wall so many of you refer to as hard and
  firm will never deter someones desire to
  survive.
•  
•  

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DEBATE Agree to disagree - quotes

• First, thanks to the author for writing this
  book. I immigrated to Germany and then the United
  States with my family. For those back in Bosnia,
  living abroad seems like a fantasy land. As the
  author points out, there are also negative sides
  to living abroad including families that are
  split up and immigrants who feel they belong
  nowhere. Some immigrants succeed while others can
  never really adjust to living away from their
  homeland. As to one reader's comment that illegal
  immigration is not ok, I would say that things
  are not as simple as illegal and legal
  immigration.
• I do not agree with increasing foreign aid to
  those countries that send their poor to the U.S.
  illegally. No one made Maria Isabel pregnant
  there is no mention in the story on how Lourdes
  Pineda got pregnant twice. Instead of increasing
  foreign aid to Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador,
  etc. the US should cut foreign aid, and instead
  give it to those states in the US burdened the
  most by illegal immigrants. If the US keeps
  rewarding Latin American countries for shoving
  their poor to us, there will never be any change
  in the way these countries will exist their poor
  will always be pawned off to the US...

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DEBATE Agree to disagree - quotes

• "There are huge benefits to migration mothers
  who go north are able to send money home so their
  children can eat and go to school." The benefits
  are to the illegal immigrants, not the local
  population. Try sending your kid to one of the
  schools overwhelmed with ESL programs, or
  hospitals whose emergency rooms are declaring
  bankruptcy and folding because of the
  "undocumented immigrants" who use them as a
  doctor's office and pay nothing.
• Prejudice against immigrants has not changed
  since my great-great grandfather walked the
  streets of Brooklyn looking at the "No Irish Need
  Apply" signs. And don't forget that the Native
  Americans were here first. We should all be as
  kind as we can to each other. There is nothing
  else.
• The real "heartache" is not because we are
  attempting to obstruct further "open borders",
  its because we have systematically destroyed our
  national integrity and our own middle class, in
  order to provide more profit for corporations.
  The answer to our current situation is not to
  continue to promote this corruption with its
  collateral damage and misery. The answer is to
  halt illegal labor completely, to stop this whole
  process.

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Revisit the ANTICIPATORY GUIDE

• Agree/Disagree
• People come to the United States to prosper and
  send money back to their families living in other
  countries.
• A true mother is someone who raises and nurtures
  a child.
• Education is the way to succeed and find a place
  in society.
• Immigration is good for migrants, the countries
  they come from and for the United States and its
  citizens.
• Most immigrants would rather stay in their home
  countries with their extended families.