Anatomy

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Anatomy Physiology II Unit Three
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Digestion
The digestive tract is a tubular passage that
extends from the lips of the mouth, through the
body, and terminates with an anus
This system can be divided into three regions
oral cavity pharynx alimentary canal
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Digestion
The alimentary canal can be further divided into
four segments esophagus stomach
small intestine large intestine
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Digestion
Associated with the system are four glands/organs
that are located outside the tube, but secrete
fluids into the system to aid in digestion
salivary glands liver gall bladder
pancreas
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Digestive System
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Digestion
The function of the digestive system is to
mechanically chemically breakdown food so that
nutrients can be obtained through absorption and
energy can be released
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Digestion
Mechanical digestion breaks the food into
physically smaller particles, while chemical
digestion breaks macromolecules into monomers
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Digestion
The monomers and other nutrients are now small
enough to be absorbed through the wall of the
digestive tract and into the bloodstream where
they will be distributed to body cells for energy
needs and building materials
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Oral Digestion
Hard palate
Uvula
Oral structures involved in mechanical
digestion teeth tongue hard palate
cheeks
Tonsil
Soft palate
Tongue
Teeth
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Oral Digestion
Enamel
Dentin
Incisors
Canines
Pulp
Gingiva
Molars
Premolars
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Oral Digestion
Oral structures involved in chemical digestion
parotid salivary glands submandibular
salivary glands sublingual salivary
glands
Parotid salivary gland
Sublingual salivary gland
Submandibular salivary gland
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Oral Digestion
Soft palate
Uvula
Hard palate
Structures involved in swallowing soft
palate uvula pharynx epiglottis
esophagus
Pharynx
Tonsils
Epiglottis
Glottis
Esophagus
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Oral Digestion
Deglutition (swallowing)
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Alimentary Canal Histology
Serosa
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa (longitudinal muscle)
Muscularis interna (circular muscle)
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Alimentary Canal Movements
Segmentation
Peristalsis
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Alimentary Canal Movements
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Alimentary Canal
Esophagus
Diaphragm
Stomach
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Stomach
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Fundic region
Cardiac region
Body
A aa
Lesser curvature
Muscle layers
Rugae
Pyloric antrum
Greater curvature
Pyloric sphincter
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Stomach Wall
Rugae
Gastric pit
Mucosa
Gastric gland
Submucosa
Muscularis layers
Serosa
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Stomach Wall
Cardiac or Pyloric Gland
Gastric Gland
Mucous cell
Parietal cell
Chief cell
G cell
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Activation of Pepsin
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Control of Gastric Secretion
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Control of Gastric Secretion
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Stomach Disorders
Emesis - the forceful ejection of stomach or
duodenal contents
Bulimia eating disorder in which emesis is
induced so as to rid the body of the food
recently eaten
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Stomach Disorders
Anorexia eating disorder in which a person
loses their appetite because they believe they
are fat
Peptic ulcers erosion of the stomach lining
caused by bacteria, aspirin, HCl or pepsin
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Accessory Organ Anatomy
Liver
Common hepatic duct
Gall bladder
Anterior
Posterior
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Liver Function
The liver carries out a number of functions gt
degradation of toxins, drugs, etc. gt
cleaning bacteria and debris from the
blood gt produces and secretes plasma
proteins
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Liver Function
The liver carries out a number of functions that
concern digestion gt process the monomers of
digestion gt processes vitamins and iron gt
produces bile
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Accessory Organ Anatomy
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Liver Function
Cirrhosis of the liver is the replacing of liver
tissue with connective tissue, reducing the
function of the liver
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Liver Function
Cirrhosis can have several causes gt viral
(hepatitis) gt drug abuse gt trauma
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Accessory Organ Anatomy
Gall bladder
Hepatic ducts
Common hepatic duct
Common bile duct
Cystic duct
Hepatopancreatic duct
Pancreatic duct
Pancreas
Hepatopancreatic sphincter
Duodenum
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Small Intestine Anatomy
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Small Intestine Physiology
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Small Intestine Physiology
Villus
Microvilli (brush border)
Capillaries
Lacteal
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Small Intestine Physiology
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Large Intestine Anatomy
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Large Intestine Disorders
Diverticulitis
Diarrhea
Constipation
Flatulence