WARM Program Procedures: An Introduction

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WARM ProgramProceduresAn Introduction

• February 18 and 19, 2010

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Meeting Objectives

• Hear an overview of the First Energy WARM and
  WARM Plus Program Policies and Procedures
• For Management, Auditors, Educators, Crew Leaders
  All Decision Makers

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Meeting Topics

• WARM Program Audit, top to bottom
• Purpose and Primary Steps
• Customer Interview/Partnering Process
• Seasonal Allowance Spreadsheet and Use History
• Structure and Appliance Inspection
• Measuring and Evaluation Air Leakage
• Measure Evaluation
• Combustion Safety Testing
• Customer Education

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The Systems Approach Works
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Purpose of the WARM Audit Process

• Identify electricity-saving opportunities
• Recommend electricity-saving measures and actions
• Project savings from the measures and actions
• Recognize (and sometimes correct) health and
  safety problems

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Purpose of the WARM Audit Form

• To Collect and Document
• PUC required information
• Auditor discoveries existing conditions
• Allowable measures based on job type
• Auditor and customer action steps
• What was done post work conditions
• Auditor or installer concerns
• Supports the WARM 3 System and Invoice
• Can work as a work order form for some

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WARM 3 Demo

• Does anyone in the room need a demonstration of
  the WARM 3 system?
• If so, please let me know and Ill show it at the
  end of the day.

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WARM Program Audit Form
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Step One Customer InterviewPages 1-3

• Explain the purposes of the WARM Program to the
  customer
• Assess the opportunity to save and explain your
  approach
• Introduce the Partnership Process
• Ask questions they usually know a lot about
  their space and comfort and listen
• Include the customer in your decision-making
  use Our Savings Strategy

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Assess the Opportunity for Electricity Savings

• Determine if the customers use is in the low,
  mid range, or high range using their kWh data,
  the Seasonal Allowance Spreadsheet, and the
  information on the following table.
• Then focus your efforts in the home based on your
  determination.
• Since savings follows use, you will likely find
  more opportunities to install measures where the
  use is high.

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Seasonal Allowance Calculation
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Annual End Use Consumption Ranges (kWh)
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Step Two Assess Baseload OpportunitiesPages
3-8

• Lighting
• Refrigeration
• Electric Dryer
• Waterbed Heaters
• Water Heating
• Other

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What does Baseload Mean?

• Baseload use Energy used to power things that
  are used year round
• Seasonal use Energy used to power the heating
  and cooling systems
• Both vary throughout the year, but usually not
  significantly or 10

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Reasons to Address Baseload

• Sometimes, reducing electric baseload can
  guarantee better savings than measures geared
  toward reducing the cost of heating and/or
  cooling Savings Follows Use.
• Plug loads are increasing.
• The number of occupants impacts use, which
  impacts savings potential.
• Client choices can make a 10 to 1 difference in
  total use.
• Changing operating behaviors, such as control
  settings, fewer hours of use, more efficient
  appliances, can make a big difference.

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What are the WARM Program allowable baseload
measures?

• Refrigerator and freezer replacement
• Compact fluorescent light bulbs to replace
  incandescent bulbs and halogen fixtures
• Clothes dryer venting improvements
• Replace unsafe or leaking water heaters
• Install custom hot water saving measures
• Smart Power Strips
• Other cost effective opportunities (that will pay
  for themselves in energy savings in 10 years or
  less)
• REMEMBER the cost of Baseload measures doesnt
  come out of the Allowance

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WARM Lighting Assessment, page 3

• Pick reliable CFLs with the highest lumens for
  the lowest wattage (highest efficacy).
• Install some CFLs in fixtures used 1-2 hours a
  day
• Install some CFLs in fixtures used an average of
  2 or more hours daily.
• Carry a variety of CFL bulbs there is a CFL
  available for ALL applications (except a bright,
  dimmable, candle-based).
• Replace halogen fixtures with CFL fixtures if
  they are used 2 hours or more a day.
• Maximum 12 per home without permission to
  install more. MORE FOR WARM PLUS- minimum 2 more
  CFLs, avg. 4 per home, up to no limit, but must
  be used 1 hour or more per day average.

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CFL Savings Calculation
Watts saved x hrs. used/day x days per month
1,000 (to convert to kWh) x cents per kWh
Savings from replacing the bulb Example 75
watts saved (changed a 100 watt bulb to a 25 watt
bulb) x 10 hours per day 750 watts saved per
day 750 watts saved per day x 30 days 22,500
1,000 22.5 kWh saved per month, or 2.25
saved / mo. for changing out this one bulb (at
10 cents per kWh)
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WARM Refrigerator and Freezer Testing
Requirements, page 5 6

• Test all units 5 years old or older.
• If you cant test the unit, use a database to
  assess use.
• Min. one hour test for refrigerators, but test as
  long as possible. 2-hour tests give good
  results. Freezers must be tested for 2 hours
  minimum.
• Take temperatures of the room and the inside of
  the fresh food and freezer compartments.
• Adjust the test results for ambient air
  temperature.
• Secondary units may be replaced.
• Maximum two new units per household, without
  permission.

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Using the Brultech, Kill A Watt, or other
watt-hour meter
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What Data Needs to be Recorded? Pages 5, 6

• Refrigerator/Freezer Make, Model, Size
• Monitored kWh use
• Monitored kWh use adjusted to a one-hour reading
• Be sure to document why you didnt test
• Be sure to document temperatures for adjusting
  the results
• Document why a different size was ordered to
  replace the old one.

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Refrigerator Minimum Use Thresholds
Existing Size (cu. ft.) Minimum Threshold for Replacement kWh at 1 hr. Minimum Threshold for Replacement kWh at 2 hr. Minimum kWh/year of Existing Unit Approx. kWh/yr of New Unit
15 or less .104 kWh/hr At least .208 911 354
16-19 .13 kWh/hr At least .26 1,139 368 (17 cu. ft.) 383 (18 cu. ft.)
20-24 .14 kWh/hr At least .28 1,226 408 (21 cu. ft.)
25 or greater .2 kWh/hr At least .4 1,752 577 max. (20-25 cu. ft.)
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Monitoring Field Reference(NJ Comfort Partners
Program)

• Best Practice Adjust for
• Room temperature
• Monitoring time of day

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WARM Ambient Air Temperature Adjustment Factor
Ambient Air Temperature Immediately Surrounding the Refrigerator During Testing Ambient Air Temperature Immediately Surrounding the Refrigerator During Testing
5? F (or more) hotter than average 0.88 factor
Average annual temperature for room 1.00 factor
5? F (or more) cooler than average 1.13 factor
If average temperature not known by customer,
use 70? F
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Determining Refrigerator Age

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It is OK to replace the refrigerator if

• It meets the minimum use threshold to replace by
  metering. If the unit cannot be metered,
• It meets the minimum use threshold to replace by
  using a refrigerator database.
• Maximum two units (refrigerator/freezer) per
  household.
• Try to trade multiple units for one or two new
  units.
• Show the customer the product spec sheets.
• If trading two for one, even if the second unit
  is a freezer, a larger new one is allowed
• Describe differences between the sizes of the
  fresh food and freezer compartments of the new
  unit with the old unit
• WARM Participants who received a new refrigerator
  saved considerably more than those who didnt.
• Inefficient units that cannot be replaced should
  be addressed through customer education.

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Freezer Testing

• Follow refrigerator testing guidelines with these
  exceptions
• Test freezers for a minimum of 2 hours
• Replace only when the unit is a necessity
• Freezers tend to use the same amount of
  electricity as a comparable size refrigerator.

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Freezer Replacement Criteria
Existing Freezer Type Existing Freezer Size (c.f.) If Existing One-Hour Use is Greater Than Then
Chest Less than 8 .064 kWh Replace existing unit
Chest 8.1 to 12.9 .084 kWh Replace existing unit
Chest 13 to 15.5 .103 kWh Replace existing unit
Chest 15.6 larger .154 kWh Replace existing unit
Upright Less than 10 .074 kWh Replace existing unit
Upright 10.1 to 12.9 .103 kWh Replace existing unit
Upright 13 to 15.5 .123 kWh Replace existing unit
Upright 15.6 larger .154 kWh Replace existing unit
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Energy Star Databasewww.energystar.gov
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Annual Refrigerator Consumption Calculation

• Use these formulas to figure annual cost to run
  the unit for customer education
• ___ kWh / hr x 8760 hr / yr ____ kWh / yr
• ____ kWh / yr x 0.095 / kWh annual cost to run

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WARM Dryer Guidelines, page 7

• If it takes longer than 60 min. to dry a load,
  the dryer or the venting may need repairs.
• If venting, use metal smooth wall ducting, 25 ft.
  or less.
• No screws Only tape and clamps
• Vent to the outside using the shortest and
  straightest route possible and secure hanging
  ducting with straps.
• Dryer warranties may require straight, rigid 6
  ft. ducting.
• Flex duct is cheap and easy to install, but may
  cause problems.
• Consider a clothesline installation.

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Customer EducationReducing Dryer Costs

• Locate the dryer in a heated space.
• Make sure the dryer is vented properly.
• Clean out the outside exhaust vent cover and
  replace if it doesnt close when the dryer is
  off.
• Clean the lint filter after every use.
• Dry full loads but dont overfill.
• Dry two or more loads in a row.
• Dry clothes outside when possible.

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Dryer Venting

• Bottom line
• Dryers should be vented outside if they are used
  to dry 5 or more loads per week and the dryer
  takes at least 60 minutes per load.

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What Needs to be Recorded? Page 7

• If the water heater is electric, be sure to
  document the laundry loads. This is related to
  reducing hot water use. (sort of out of sequence
  on the form)
• If the dryer is electric, be sure to document the
  number of loads dried per week. This is related
  to reducing drying time and dryer venting
  opportunities.

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Other Opportunities, page 7

• Waterbed heaters use electricity. They can be
  eliminated by removing the waterbed.
• HVAC filters and maintenance, pump use,
  dehumidifier use, septic grinders, and other end
  uses can be documented here AND addressed in WARM
  if cost effective.

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Other Baseload Use WARM Standards

• Identify other causes for high baseload use.
• Inform the customer of your discovery.
• Determine savings to investment ratio, or simple
  cost effectiveness (will the installation save
  more in energy costs in 10 years than it will
  cost for the measure?)
• Educate the customer about ways they can reduce
  their baseload by reducing hours the item is on
  changing control settings and replacing
  inefficient appliances that are not typically
  part of WARM.

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Plug Load Energy Use is Increasing
U.S. delivered residential energy consumption by
end use, 2001, 2004, 2015, and 2030 (million Btu
per household)
Source Energy Information Administration 2006
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Power Settings Mode

• ON

• REALLY OFF

OFF

• Active power
• Low power mode
• Indeterminate power
• Sleep/hibernate

• No power
• Unplugged
• Power switched off with strip or other control
  device

• Standby power
• Phantom load
• Vampire power
• Idle power

Anything with a remote, display, touchpad, or
light is using power even when turned off
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Standby Loads and Lifestyle

• Plug-ins, otherwise known as wall warts, (cell
  phone chargers, laptop power bricks) and
  appliances (microwaves, VCRs, stereos and home
  computers) constantly draw wattage, even when
  off.
• If it has a light, display, transformer, charger,
  remote control device, it is using electricity
  even when it is not on.
• After a while they can add up to as big a load
  factor as a refrigerator.

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Smart Power Strips

• Allowable WARM and WARM Plus measure
• Choose location carefully see Specification in
  the Procedures Manual
• Maximum 4 per home allowed
• Typically used on computer stations and
  entertainment set-ups
• Control outlet, switched outlets, always hot
  outlets
• Google BITS Smart Power Strip Video

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Diagnostics Getting Using Power (W) Energy
(kWh) information Requires
Deciphering the obvious
Tracking, reading, recording, calculating and
metering
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Sample Annual kWh of TVs by Mode

• Standby power is similar regardless of TV type or
  size.
• Newer TVs use a lot more energy than older ones.
• Larger and newer technologies (plasma rear
  projection) tend to be used more and are
  frequently part of a larger entertainment set up.

Source Ecos Consulting, Final Field Research
Report, 2007
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Game Console Power Use Consumption
NRDC Study of Set Top Box and Game Console Power
Use, May 2007, Peter Ostendorp, Ecos Consulting
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Battery Charging Strategies

• Buy efficient chargers
• Use rechargeable batteries
• Use power strips to simplify disconnecting
  chargers

• Chargers can draw 5 to 20 times more power than
  they can store so...
• Unplug chargers once battery is charged
• Use timer to control charge cycle
• Choose equipment based on charging performance

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Strategies to Control Home Electronic Energy Use

• Unplug stuff you dont use
• Manage control settings for maximum efficiency
• Turn equipment off when not actively using
• Minimize standby use with power strips, switched
  outlets, unplugging, etc.
• Purchase less stuff
• Buy the most efficient products possible

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Dehumidifiers

• In WARM, dehumidifiers are typically not
  replaced. Inefficient dehumidifiers can be
  addressed through customer education and/or
  replacement with a simple payback calculation.
• Inefficient or improperly set dehumidifiers can
  contribute to baseload use. Appropriate use of a
  dehumidifier is a summer seasonal use.
• Use a dehumidifier to bring humidity level within
  a comfort zone (45 50 RH).

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Dehumidifiers, Education

• How to use a dehumidifier efficiently
• Eliminate the cause of moisture when possible.
• Use the right size unit.
• Use a dehumidifier with a humidistat.
• Set the dehumidifier to the correct relative
  humidity.
• Empty the bucket before its full or drain into a
  sink or drain.
• Keep sources of water away from the unit.
• Close windows and doors to the space.
• Locate the unit so that air can move around it.
• Dont use a dehumidifier with air conditioning.
• If the air temperature drops below 65º F, coils
  can frost up. Turn off the unit and let it
  defrost.

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Waterbed Heaters

• Waterbeds are addressed in WARM if the waterbed
  has an inefficient heater by replacing waterbeds
  with standard mattresses, eliminating the heater,
  OR through customer education.
• Sales peaked in 1988 and have since declined. In
  the Mid 1990s 15-20 of U.S. households have at
  least one waterbed.
• Waterbed heaters have changed in the past 7 or 8
  years to be more efficient.

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Waterbed Heaters Energy Use

• Most waterbed heaters use between 150 and 300
  watts.
• Average older waterbed heaters use about 125 kWh
  and cost about 11 per month.
• Newer waterbed heaters use about 80 kWh and cost
  about 7 per month.
• Replacing waterbed mattresses with foam
  mattresses saves about 1,300 kWh annually (111).
• Covering an existing waterbed mattress with a
  foam mattress pad saves about 800kWh annually
  (68).

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Sump Pumps, Water Pumps, Well Pumps, Pool Pumps,
Pressure Tanks

• Problems with any of the above can cause high
  baseload use.
• WARM can address pump issues.
• Leaks can cause pumps to work longer.
• If you hear a pump kick on and off in quick
  succession, there is likely a problem.
• Find leaks and fix them.
• Use timers to control pool pumps.
• Energy efficient pumps can save 36 of operating
  cost.

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WARM Program Domestic Hot Water Saving Measures,
page 8

• New water heaters
• Health, safety, efficiency measures
• Temperature reduction
• Fix hot water leaks
• Timer (if on the RT rate) Be sure to do the rate
  calculator spreadsheet!
• GFX
• Education (use less hot water)

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WARM Water Heater Replacement Standards

• An electric water heater may be replaced if
• It is leaking, or
• It is rusted, or
• It has one or more bad elements, or
• The tanks R value is 8 or lower

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New Water Heater Specs

• The new water heater must
• Have a minimum EF of .90
• Have at least 2 of foam insulation
• Have built-in heat traps
• Have a 6 year (or higher) warranty
• Be sized correctly

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Step Three Assess Cooling UsePage 9, 10

• Check the Summer Seasonal Use on the Seasonal
  Allowance Spreadsheet.
• If the use is 2,000 kWh or more, and that use is
  due to AC use, consider installing measures that
  reduce cooling load.
• If air sealing will be done, then air leakage
  testing and combustion safety tests must be
  performed.

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WARM Cooling Measures Consult the Cooling
Measure Selection Guide and Priority List

• High efficiency window film
• White, reflective roof coating
• Room AC replacement
• AC tune up/cleaning
• Central AC or heat pump replacement
• Duct sealing and insulation
• Attic insulation and air sealing

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Cooling Assessment, page 10

• Involves behavior, settings, mechanicals, AND the
  structure!
• Use the Solar Pathfinder to be sure the windows
  being considered for film are actually un-shaded
  for several hours in the summer months.
• Use the Solar Pathfinder to qualify roofs for
  reflective roof coating.
• Record as much information as possible about the
  window AC units.
• Assess the central AC/heat pump.

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How Do Our Homes Overheat?Mostly From Solar Gain
on Roof and Through Windows
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Why Do We Need AC?
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Cooling Measure Selection Guide and Priority List

• Follow the Guide and Priority List in the WARM
  Procedures Manual, page 4-66
• First things first

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Window Film

• Energy savings result from rejecting solar heat,
  the primary reason for homes overheating and
  therefore AC use
• Are there any windows on the west, south and
  maybe east that are not shaded in the summer
  during the hours of 9 AM and 4 PM?
• Choose a film that meets the specification of
• .58 or lower shading coefficient
• 1.0 or lower U value
• 50 or more total solar energy rejection

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Why White Roofs?

• This works on the principals of emissivity and
  reflectivity
• Emissivity the total energy released by the
  object white roofs give up their heat quickly
  to the night sky
• Reflectivity silver coatings reflect well but
  they do a poor job of releasing heat

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White Elastomeric Roof Coat (Liz Robinson, ECA)
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Room AC Units, page 10

• Is the EER on the existing room AC 6 or lower?
  If so, it can be replaced with an EER 10 or
  greater, but the Summer Seasonal Use (kWh) must
  be 2,000 or more to replace 1 unit, and 2,500 to
  replace 2 units, and 3,000 to replace 3 units.

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Room AC Replacement
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Size Correctly!

• A properly sized AC should run constantly on the
  hottest day of the year!

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Central AC or Heat Pump Replacement

• Customers must have at least 3,000 kWh of summer
  seasonal use in order to qualify for central AC
  system replacement and 4,500 kWh of annual
  seasonal use for heat pump replacement.
• Must get FirstEnergy approval.
• Clean and Tunes are encouraged first, when
  possible.

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Structure Sketch, Page 11

• Have Fun, but be sure to document anything the
  Final Inspector may need to know.
• Also document any structural health or safety
  issues.
• Use this page for your crews as well.

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Attic Insulation and Attic Air Barriers, For
Heating and Cooling Load Reduction, page 12

• Follow the same WARM guidelines for insulating
  and air sealing the attic to reduce cooling load
  as you would to reduce heating load.
• Document obvious thermal boundary leaks/air
  barrier voids.
• Record details about each attic space.

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Assess Electric HeatingPages 10 - 17

• If the winter seasonal use is 2,000 kWh or more,
  the building can be assessed for electric heat
  load reduction measures, even if electric space
  heaters are the primary heat
• The Measure Selection Guide should be consulted
  to help in making decisions

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Visual Assessment

• Evaluate the effective R value of existing
  insulation walls, attics, ducts, critical
  junctures, basement and crawl ceilings
• Observe air barrier breaks
• Determine the location of the thermal
  boundary/air barrier
• Pay attention to heat producing fixtures

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Measure Selection Guide and Priority List

• Follow the Measure Selection Guide on page 4-64
  of the WARM Procedures Manual for reducing
  electric heat load.
• Follow the Priority List on page 4-65 of the WARM
  Procedures Manual to help guide the process.
• First things first.

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Effective R-Value
73
Typical R-Values
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Attics, Basements, Crawlspaces, page 13

• Access details
• Heat Producing Fixtures Safety and Air Sealing
• Chimney or flue damming
• Basement/crawl air sealing
• Basement/crawl insulation
• Ground covers
• Mobile home bellies

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Whole House Air Sealing

• Record details about the areas where air leakage
  was reduced, or will be treated by the crew, or
  where the crew should work

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Cantilevers and Sidewalls, page 15

• Document cantilever existing air barrier and
  insulation, as well as what is proposed.
• Document siding type and proposed insulation. Be
  sure to document safety issues.

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Garages, Other Zones, Ducts, page 16

• The thermal boundary should be continuous
  assess the garage and any other in-between
  areas, such as laundry rooms, porches
• The WARM guidelines for sealing and insulating
  ducts are the same to reduce cooling load as they
  are to reduce heating load.
• Be sure to document the pre and post duct testing
  results!
• Be sure to document if the testing was done at 25
  Pa or 50 Pa.

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Air Tightness Diagnostics, page 17

• BTL calculation
• Blower door testing
• Zonal tests
• Duct tests
• Combustion safety tests
• Document test results!!!!
• Test in and test out!!!

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Unvented Appliances

• Remember Dont seal the building tighter than
  3,000 CFM -50 Pa if there is an unvented
  combustion appliance.

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Combustion Safety TestingPage 18

• Combustion Safety Tests must be
• performed if
• Conventionally vented combustion appliances exist
  and
• Air sealing is done to reduce cooling load or
  to reduce heating load

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Combustion Testing Includes

• CO testing, ambient, CAZ, flues
• Gas leak detection
• Spillage and flame roll-out evaluation
• CAZ depressurization
• Draft evaluation
• Range testing

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Final Step Consumer Education

• Our Energy Savings Strategy form!
• This is the summary of what was done, what will
  be done, and the benefits
• Documents what the customer agreed to do to take
  control of their electricity use

83
Putting Costs on Current and More Efficient
Behaviors

• Find the wattage of the appliance.
• Ask about use hours per day, week, month.
• Figure cost and tell customer (putting costs on
  behaviors).
• Figure cost of more efficient ways of doing the
  same thing and tell customer the differences.
• Let customer choose which way they want to
  operate the appliance or lights.

84
Additional Tools

• Rate Calculator Tool Rate Counseling
• PCAP Counseling
• Air Tight Home handout
• Weatherization Release form

85
Summary, page 19

• Checklist to assist the Final Inspection and
  invoicing process.

86
Additional Resources

• See handout

87
Analysis of Consumption

• IF..
• the baseload, and/or cooling, and/or heating use
  is LOW, THEN
• focus on the category of use that is in the MID
  or HIGH range.
• the baseload use (with or without water heating
  included) is in the MID or HIGH range, there is
  likely waste or problems with one or more
  appliances, SO
• be sure to replace incandescent bulbs with CFLs,
  
• check all the refrigeration units and replace
  inefficient units, and
• do a good job educating the customer about hot
  water use, and turning off electronics and other
  plug loads.

88
Analysis continued

• the cooling use is in the MID or HIGH range,
  consider replacement of AC units, consider window
  film and white roof coating (or attic
  insulation), THEN
• check for duct leakage outside the thermal
  boundary, and
• do a good job educating about how to follow
  low-energy cooling strategies.
• the heating use is in the MID or HIGH range,
  CONSIDER
• air sealing and insulation,
• thermostat change outs,
• duct sealing if outside the thermal boundary, and
  
• do a good job educating about thermostat
  settings.
• Remember This is just a guide. You wont
  really know what is going on in the home to
  determine the energy saving opportunities until
  you get into the home.