Ancient River Valley Civilizations Review

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Ancient River Valley Civilizations Review
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TRASH-KET-BALL FALL 2012
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What do archeologists call the preserved remains
or traces of animals, plants other organisms
from the past?

• Fossil.

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What do we call a civilization whose rulers all
come from the same family?

Dynasty.
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What do archeologists call ancient human-made
objects?

• Artifacts.

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Define Culture.

• A group of peoples
• WAY OF LIFE.

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The Old Stone Age is also known as the. .

• Paleolithic Age.

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The New Stone Age is also known as the. .

• Neolithic Age.

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What is a nomad?

• A person who travels from place to place in
  search of food.

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What is the name of the art called during the
Stone Age?

• Cro- Magnon Art

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Why is slash burn farming so effective?

• The ashes fertilize the soil.

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What was the impact of the Neolithic Revolution?

• Nomadic life was no longer necessary.
• People could SETTLE in one place!!!!
• Instead of searching for food, people were
  producing food!!!

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What are the 5 defining characteristics of a
civilization?

1. Advanced Cities
2. Specialized Workers
3. Complex Institutions
4. Record Keeping
5. Advanced Technology

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What does the word Mesopotamia mean?

• The land b/w the rivers

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The people of Mesopotamia settled between which
two rivers?

• The Tigris Euphrates

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What is a scribe?

• A Sumerian record keeper.

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What type of writing did the Mesopotamians use?

• Cunieform.

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What structure was at the center of every
Mesopotamian city-state?

• A Ziggurat.

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What does the term barter mean?

• Trade.

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In Mesopotamia, this was known as a city that
functioned as an independent political unit.

• City-State.

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Define CULTURAL DIFFUSION!!!!

• The spreading of ideas and goods from culture to
  culture.

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Define polytheism.

• The belief in many gods!!

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Define monotheism.

• The belief in one god!!

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Name two of the three environmental challenges
Mesopotamians faced.

1. Unpredictable flooding.
2. No natural barriers for protection.
3. No natural resources.

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What was the main idea behind Hammurabis Code?

• Retaliation.
• Eye for an Eye,
• Tooth for a Tooth

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How is the Nile River different from any other
river in the world?

• It flows from South to North.

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Mediterranean Sea
Nile Delta
Lower Egypt
Red Sea
Nile flows South to North
Upper Egypt
N
W
E
Wind blows North to South.
S
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When does the Nile River flood?

• Every July.

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Did Egypt have any natural barriers? If so, what
were they?

• YES!!!!
• Deserts on the east west, mountains in the
  south the Mediterranean Sea in the north.

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Natural Barriers. . . .
Desert
Desert
N
W
E
S
Mountains
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Define pharaoh.

• God-king!!!

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What is the relationship b/w the political
authority religious authority in Ancient Egypt?

• IT WAS THE SAME PERSON!!!
• THE PHARAOH!!!!

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What type of writing came from the Ancient
Egyptians?

• Hieroglyphics

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What did the Ancient Egyptians use for paper?

• Papyrus

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Define Subcontinent.

• A large landmass that is part of a continent but
  is considered either geographically independent.

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What are the two most important rivers in Ancient
India?

• The Indus River
• The Ganges River

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What environmental challenge did the farmers of
the Indus Valley face that the Sumerians
Egyptians did not?

• MONSOONS.

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Who is responsible for uniting upper and lower
Egypt? AND what artifact proves this theory?

• King Namar
• And his crown!

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How were the planned cities of the Indus Valley
different from other early cities?

• They were built on a grid with advanced plumbing.

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What were the three reasons for the disappearance
of the early Indus Valley civilizations?

• Earthquakes
• Floods
• Tired Soil

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This person was the first emperor of the first
Indian dynasty. This emperor gave up his
throne, converted to Jainism, and eventually
starved to death while fasting.

• Chandragupta Maurya

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What did the Jainist teach?

• Nonviolence and respect for all life.

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After a long, bloody war in which 100,000
soldiers and even more civilians were killed,
this emperor became a Buddhist.

• Ashoka

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Asoka is responsible for spreading
____________around the world.

• Buddhism

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This is the name of Indias second great empire,
which began in A.D. 320.

• Gupta Empire

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This emperor came to power peacefully (through
marriage) in about A.D. 320 and was called the
Great King of Kings.

• Chandra Gupta.

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This is the type of society in which the eldest
male is the head of the extended family.

• Patriarchal

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This is the type of society in which the eldest
female is the head of the extended family.

• Matriarchal

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Hindus ultimate goal is called
__________?Buddhist ultimate goal is
called__________?

• Moksha and Nirvana

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What was the only area the Persians were
unsuccessful at capturing?
Greece
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What were the two major river systems in China
that flowed to the west to the Pacific Ocean?

• The Huang He
• The Yangtze

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This is the yellowish fertile soil deposited
along the riverbanks.

• Loess

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Geographic Features
Huang He

• Two Rivers
• Huang He
• Yangtze
• Plateau of Tibet
• Gobi Desert
• Mongolian Plateau
• Himalaya Mountains

Gobi Desert
Taklimakan Desert
Plateau of Tibet
Pacific Ocean
Yangtze River
Himalayas
India
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What are some of the environmental challenges
that the ancient Chinese faced?
1. Flooding of Huang He 2. Geographic
isolation 3. Lack of natural barriers 4. Only 10
of Chinas land is suitable for farming.
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What was the first Chinese dynasty to leave
written records?
The Shang
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Explain why the Chinese writing system is so
unique.
It was universal.
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This is the divine approval that a Chinese ruler
must possess to maintain rule.
The Mandate of Heaven
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This is the pattern of rise, decline, and
replacement of ruling families in China.
The Dynastic Cycle
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This is the ethical system adopted by Shi Huangdi.
Legalism
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Who is responsible for the construction of the
Royal Road?
King Darius
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This is what the philosophy of Laozi came to be
called.
Daoism
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From which city-state was Hammurabi from?
Babylon.
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What is the name of the triangular piece of land
located at the mouth of the Nile River?
Delta
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Define Theocracy.
A government based on Religious authority!
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What is the main purpose of a pyramid?
To serve as a tomb.
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Hieroglyphics, Cuneiform Chinese are all based
on what?
Pictographs.
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Explain how the Dynastic Cycle and the Mandate of
Heaven impact each other.
The process in which a dynasty comes to power,
reigns, and loses power is called the Dynastic
Cycle which is all controlled by god (Mandate of
Heaven).
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What season brought the WET winds to India?
Summer Monsoons.
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What season brought the DRY winds to India?
Winter Monsoons.
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Persian religion was ____________, which viewed
life as a struggle between _______ _______.
Zoroastrianism GOOD and EVIL
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True or FalseConfucianism is a religion.
False. It is an ethical system.
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Confucius said that __________________could
change a commoner into a gentleman.
Education.
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Which Emperor is responsible for having the Great
Wall of China built?
Shi Huangdi.