Health Impacts relative to Obesity and Excessive Body Weight

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Health Impacts relative to Obesity and Excessive
Body Weight
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Presented byHealth Initiatives Committee

• Charles A. Christopher, MD
• Surgeon General
• Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc.

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Life Expectancy (in years)

• White females 78.0
• African-American females 76.1
• White males 75.3
• Black males 69.0

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The Choice is Yours!!!!
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Obesity
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What is Obesity?

• Obesity is a disease that affects nearly
  one-third of the adult American population
  (approximately 60 million).
• The number of overweight and obese Americans has
  continued to increase since 1960, a trend that is
  not slowing down.
• Today, 64.5 percent of adult Americans (about 127
  million) are categorized as being overweight or
  obese.

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Obesity (Cont)

• Each year, obesity causes at least 300,000 excess
  deaths in the U.S., and healthcare costs of
  American adults with obesity amount to
  approximately 100 billion.

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Obesity (Cont)

• Obesity is the second leading cause of
  unnecessary deaths.
• Despite its toll taken in death and disability,
  obesity does not receive the attention it
  deserves from government, the health care
  profession or the insurance industry.
• Research is severely limited by a shortage of
  funds.
• Inadequate insurance coverage limits access to
  treatment.

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Obesity (Cont)

• Health insurance providers rarely pay for
  treatment of obesity despite its serious effects
  on health.
• The tendency toward obesity is fostered by our
  environment lack of physical activity combined
  with high-calorie, low-cost foods.
• If maintained, even weight losses as small as 10
  percent of body weight can improve ones health.

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Obesity (Cont)

• Discrimination and mistreatment of persons with
  obesity is widespread and often considered
  socially acceptable.
• Did you know?
• Obesity is a chronic disease with a strong
  familial component.
• Obesity increases ones risk of developing
  conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes
  (type 2), heart disease, stroke, gallbladder
  disease and cancer of the breast, prostate and
  colon.

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Obesity (Cont)

• The National Institutes of Health annually spends
  less than 1.0 percent of its budget on obesity
  research.
• Persons with obesity are victims of employment
  and other discrimination, and are penalized for
  their condition despite many federal and state
  laws and policies.

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What is BMI?

• Body Mass Index (BMI) is a mathematical
  calculation used to determine whether a person is
  overweight.
• Being obese and being overweight are not the same
  condition. A BMI of 30 or more is considered
  obese and a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered
  overweight.
• There are many factors that impact a

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Cont)

• persons health risk relative to their BMI such
  as waist size, smoking, the types of foods
  someone eats regularly, exercise, and medical
  conditions associated with obesity including
  diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol
  and coronary heart disease.

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Diabetes
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Diabetes and African Americans

• Affects 3.2 million or 13.3 percent of all
  African Americans aged 20 or older.
• African Americans are almost twice as likely to
  have diabetes as whites.
• 1 out of every 4 African Americans between the
  ages of 65 and 74 have diabetes.
• 1out of every 4 African American women over 55
  has diabetes.

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(Cont)

• There are two (2) types of diabetes
• Type 1 starts in childhood and is something that
  a person is born with and has no way of
  preventing or curing.
• Type 1 diabetics need to get regular insulin
  shots.

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(Cont)

• Type 2 diabetes typically starts in adulthood,
  but more children are now developing it because
  of the increase of obesity and decrease in
  exercise.
• Type 2 is the most common type of diabetes and
  the one thats related to being overweight.
• Insulin shots may also be necessary for people
  that develop Type 2 diabetes but in most
  cases,Type 2 diabetes can be prevented by
  maintaining a healthy weight, eating the right
  foods and being physically active.

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High Blood Pressure
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American Heart Association recommended blood
pressure levels

• Blood Pressure Systolic Diastolic
• Category (Upper Number) (Lower Number)
• Normal less than 120 and less than 80
• Prehypertensive 120 139 or 80 89
• High
• Stage 1 140 159 or 90 99
• Stage 2 160 or higher or 100 or
  higher

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Risk factors for High Blood Pressure

• Overweight/obesity
• Lack of exercise/physical activity
• Unhealthy diet
• Stress
• Smoking or using tobacco products
• Race African Americans have higher risk
• Age Older than 55
• Family history of high blood pressure

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(Cont)

• Sensitivity to sodium (salt)
• Polycystic kidney disease ( and other types of
  kidney disease)
• Cushings disease
• Medication side effects (e.g. antidepressants,
  cold medicines, oral contraceptives.
• Recreational drug use (e.g. cocaine)

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Prostate Cancer

• Some things we should know as African American Men

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The Prostate Gland
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What Are The Symptoms Of Prostate Cancer

• Unfortunately, prostate cancer can progress
  without symptoms or show symptoms that occur with
  other conditions as a result, many men with
  prostate cancer never know it until it is too
  late!

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What Are The Symptoms

• Major symptoms are
• 1.  slow urinary flow
• 2.  feeling of incomplete emptying of the
• bladder after urinating
• 3.   painful urination
• 4.   blood in urine or semen
• 5.   back pain
• 6.   thigh pain or
• 7.   impotence
• These symptoms can also be caused by BPH
  (Benign Prostate Hyperplasia), a benign
  enlargement of the prostate gland.

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Commonly Used Steps InDiagnosing Prostate Cancer

• Digital rectal examination (DRE)
• Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
• Transrectal ultrasound
• Biopsy

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Age-adjusted Normal PSA Range

• Age (yr) Normal Range (ng/ml)
• 40 49 0-2.5 (0-2.0 for AA Others at risk)
• 50 59 0-3.5 (0.3.0 for AA Others at
  risk)
• 60 69 0-4.5 (0.4.0 for AA Others at
  risk)
• 70 79 0-6.5
• AA African Americans
• Source Mayo Clinic

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What You Should Know

• PSA is not prostate cancer-specific.
• One test out of range may have various causes.
• The real value of the PSA test is in
  serialization Testing year to year and observing
  the rate of change.

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Causes of Prostate Growth(BPH)

• For most men, during the first 40 years of life,
  the prostate is on its best behavior.
• After age 40, many men (approx. 80) will develop
  benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
• BPH is an irritating condition that causes the
  prostate to swell and interfere with urine flow.
• Sometimes, BPH leads to urinary tract infections,
  in rare cases it cause damage to the bladder or
  kidney
• BPH is a condition that needs to be treated.

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Causes of Prostate Growth(Prostatitis)

• Prostatitis refers to an inflamed, swollen, and
  tender prostate. This painful condition can be
  caused by an infection.
• Symptoms may include pain in joints, muscles,
  lower back, fever and chills, and urinary
  trouble.
• Prostatitis may be detected by bacteria in the
  urine.
• Prostatitis is not contagious, and it can not be
  transmitted to a mans sexual partner
• Treatment is to combat the bacteria and thus stop
  the infection

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Exercise
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Exercise

• Being physically active is like attaching a
  charger to your battery while at the same time
  giving your body a complete tune-up.
• Exercise can change you on the inside and the
  outside and totally energize you!

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(Cont)

• Lower the risk of cancers of the colon, prostate
  and uterus.
• Bottom line regular exercise is one of the best
  things you can do not only to lose weight, but to
  live a longer and healthier life.

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Why should we exercise?
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Before starting your active program of exercise
and dietary changes, visit your local physician
for an overall health assessment!!!!!!!!
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Its up to you!!!!!

• Lose weight (healthy diet/exercise)
• Stop smoking
• Manage stress better
• Avoid excess alcohol
• Decrease sodium (salt) intake
• Take medications only as your doctor prescribes.

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Thank you, My Brothers