Neurofeedback Training

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Neurofeedback Training

• Michael Dahl
• CS 575

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Introduction

• Goal Learning to self-regulate ones own brain
• It is technologys answer to psychotherapy,
  cognitive rehabilitation, and poor cerebral
  functioning
• Mental Health Professionals
• Educators
• Occupational Therapists
• Rehabilitation Counselors
• Doctors

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Biofeedback

• Attaching sensors to the body for purpose of
  acquiring biological signals such as
• Heart rate
• Muscle tension
• Body temperature
• Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback
• Brains electrical activity

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Inside the Brain

• Neurons

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Detecting activity inside the Brain

• When many neurons fire at the same time, they may
  produce electrical activity detectable to an
  electrode placed on the head.
• Electroencephalograph (EEG) - Graphical
  representation of neuronal activities in the
  brain.

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Early History

• 1875 Richard Canton First person to record
  electrical activity from the brain. He discovered
  fluctuation in the brains electrical activity
  follow mental activity
• 1920s Hans Berger First to measure EEG on
  human scalp. Discovered several types of
  brainwaves

Bergers EEG recording apparatus
Bergers electrode cap
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Brain wave types
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Performance and Arousal
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More History

• 1963 Joseph Kamiya trained patient to
  recognize alpha state through verbal
  reinforcement
• 1968 Barry Sterman Trained cats to increase
  SMR

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Modern Developments

• 1970s 1980s QEEG
• 1980s 1990s Use of computer graphics and
  sound for neurofeedback training

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Brain regions

• Each region of the brain is associated with
  specific fundamental operations

Example locations
International 10-20 System of Electrode Placement
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Equipment for neurofeedback

• Desktop PC (preferably double monitor)
• Brain amp
• Electrodes and paste

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Equipment for neurofeedback

• Software
• Program for data acquisition, processing
• and display (i.e. BioExplorer)
• - Video games, movie player, .

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Snapshot of data at site cz
Normative
ADHD
OCD / Anxiety Disorders
PTSD
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QEEG

• Developed in 1970s / 1980s
• 19 sensors on scalp
• Broad picture of the brain in action
• Can compare results to normative database
• Often used to access progress of neuorofeedback
  training

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QEEG comparison
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EEG Signatures
EEG Signatures for ADD
EEG Signatures for Anxiety Disorders
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Two branches of treatment

• Normalizing the EEG
• Personal growth and mental flexibility (peek
  performance)

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Video

• Chris Kamans Story
• NBA basketball player for the Clippers
• http//www.youtube.com/neurocoretvp/a/u/1/PWndvoC
  jrxY

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Near Future

• Virtual Reality
• Enhance neurofeedback in a couple ways
• The total immersion and totality of the feedback
  allows the patient to focus completely on his
  physiology without distraction
• More engaging and motivating for the client

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Some Predictions for the Future

• At some point, every home will have one. We will
  all hook up to a machine with electrodes. It will
  be as common as physical exercise.
• Someday people may even wear tiny computers to
  monitor their EEG and tell them when they need to
  make adjustments.

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Conclusion

• Field of neurofeedback is still in its infancy
• Research in thin
• Clinical outcome studies are overwhelming
• Research needs to be funded to gain support of
  insurance companies, schools, and doctors