The%20Outline%20of%20the%20Police%20System%20and%20the%20Community%20Police%20in%20Japan%20The%20Japanese%20Experience%20with%20the%20Koban%20System%20and%20Other%20Measures%20to%20Create%20Safer%20Community

1
The Outline of the Police System and the
Community Police in JapanThe Japanese
Experience with the Koban Systemand Other
Measures to Create Safer Community

• OKABE Masakatsu
• Police Superintendent
• Deputy Director
• Police Policy Research Center
• National Police Academy, Tokyo, JAPAN

2
RESPONSIBILITIES

• POLICE LAW stipulates
• Protecting life, persons, and property of an
  individual
• Preventing, suppressing and investigating crimes
• Apprehension of suspects
• Traffic enforcement
• Maintaining public safety and order

3
Public Safety Commission

• National Public Safety Commission
• controls National Police Agency
• Prefectural Public Safety Commission
• controls Prefectural Police

4
Japanese Police System

• National Police Agency (NPA)
• 47 Prefectural Polices
• Each prefectural police force is independent
  each other.
• NPA coordinates the activities of
  prefectural police.

5
COMMUNITY POLICE

• Patrol Police, Outside Duty Police
  ? since 1992Community Police

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THE MAIN FEATURES OF COMMUNITY POLICE IN
JAPAN

• Service to the community
• Maintain the good relationship with the local
  community
• Grasp the needs of residents
• Supply the appropriate information about
  community safety

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KOBAN CHUZAISHOas COMMUNITY SAFETY CENTERS

• 14,438 KOBANS CHUZAISHOS
• 6,556 KOBANS
• 7,882 CHUZAISHOS

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THE THREE SHIFT SYSTEM

• Full-day duty (from morning to the next morning)
• Off duty (the day following the full-day duty)
• Day-duty (from morning to evening)

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Activities as Community Safety Centers

• Vigilance at Police Box
• Patrol
• Routine Visits to Homes and Work Places
• Handling of Lost Articles
• Publication of Information Pamphlets

10
Important Role of Patrol and Police Questioning

• Community Police Officers arrested
• 269,501 (77.5)
• of the total of arrested for Penal Code
  Offences
• For serious offences (murder, armed robbery,
  etc),
• Community Police Officers arrested 2,620
  (33.9)
• of the total.
• (in 2002)

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Improving the Kobans Ability as Community
Safety Centers

• Koban Chief System and Bloc Operation of Koban
• Assignment of Koban Consultants (Retired Police
  Officers)
• Koban and Chuzaisho Liaison Councils
• 13,644 liaison councils (in 2002)
• Improvements in Facilities and Equipment of
  Police Boxes
• (Community Room, Hot-Line telephone to
  police station)

12
CONSULTATION SERVICE FOR COMMUNITY RESIDENTS

• Police Security Consultation
• 1,058,772 (in 2002)

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EFFORTS IN PROTECTING WOMEN AND CHILDREN

• For example
• intensive patrol
• meetings
• Childrens 110 House

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Stalking, Child Abuse, Domestic Violence

• The Law to Control Stalking (May 2000)
• The Law to Prevent Child Abuse
• 
  (October 2000)
• The Law to Prevent Domestic Violence
• 
  (April 2001)

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Finding and Protecting Runaways, Missing People,
etc.

• 197,648 into protective custody (2002)
• for drunks, lost children and others required
  emergency protection
• Runaways
• 102,880 search requests 92,205 found
  (2002)

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EMERGENCY CALL DIAL 110

• Communications Command Center
• Police Boxes
  Patrol Cars
• average Response Time 7 minutes 2 seconds

17
Promoting Safe Communities Through Environmental
Design

• Coordination with Local Governments
• CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental
  Design)

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Countermeasures against Street Crime

• The remarkable increase of Street Crime
• Street Crime Prevention/Repression Plan
• since 2003

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COMMUNITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES

• Partnership among Various Actors such as
• Crime Prevention Associations
• Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs)
• Community Residents
• Police
• Local Governments etc.

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Examples of Activities

• Publishing Community Safety News
• Patrolling
• Video Surveillance Systems
• Childrens 110 House
• Distributing Potable Buzzers
• Crime Maps (on the internet )
• Guideline concerning Crime Prevention in
  Collective Housing

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JUVENILE SUPPORT CENTER

• Juvenile Support Center
• in cooperation with the local community
• (schools, parents, volunteers, local
  governments,etc)

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Preventing Drug Abuse by Juveniles

• Classes for prevention of drug abuse(2002)
• by police officers in school
• 3,015 (55.1 of total) senior high schools
• 5,432 (48.7 of total) junior high schools

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Cleansing the Community Environment

• Prostitution by using potable phones
• Prostitution by using Internet
• -New Law to prevent them (2002)
• Magazines, videotapes, computer software
• Karaoke-boxes
• the influence of Yakuza

24
Juveniles Participation in Social and Sports
Activities

• Classes (Judo and Kendo) at police stations
• 51,000 juveniles at 800 police stations(2002)

25
Private Security (Security Business)

• The number of security companies 9,463
• The number of security guards 436,810
• (2002)

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ConclusionThe Important Role of Community

• Partnership among Various Actors
• Cooperation of Community
• Autonomy of Community Residents