Pacific Islands Global Climate Observing System GCOS Program 3rd Pacific CLIVAR Panel Meeting Februa

1
Pacific Islands Global Climate Observing System
(GCOS) Program 3rd Pacific CLIVAR Panel
MeetingFebruary 17, 2006Honolulu,
HawaiiHoward Diamond, NOAA/National Climatic
Data Center
2
Agenda

• US GCOS Program Philosophy
• Challenges and Opportunities
• Pacific Regional and Bilateral Support
  Activities
• Pacific Region Integrated Data Enterprise
  (PRIDE)
• Coastal Climatology Project in the Pacific
• Integrated Data Environmental Applications
  (IDEA) Center
• Contact Information

3
U.S. GCOS Support Philosophy

• Three Tiered Approach
• International
• Basic Observing System Support for GCOS Surface
  and Upper Air Networks Data Management
  Support at NCDC in its role as a CBS Lead Center
  for GCOS Data Support for Full-Time GCOS
  Implementation Manager
• Regional and Bi-Lateral
• Support for Regional GCOS Activities in the
  Pacific and Africa Support for Bi-Lateral
  Climate Agreements (e.g., Australia and New
  Zealand)
• National
• Climate Change Science Program Office
  Observations Working Group

4
GCOS Surface Network (GSN)
981 Stations
GCOS Secretariat 26 May 1999
5
GSN Performance Monitoring
6
GCOS Upper Air Network (GUAN)
152 Stations
GCOS Secretariat 21 April 1999
7
GCOS Upper Air Network (GUAN)
8
GUAN Stations Assisted to Date
9
GCOS Upper Air Network (GUAN)
10
The Future Sustained Ocean Observing System for
Climate -- Target 2008
Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Height, and
Surface Vector Wind from Space
Global System 100 Complete
86 Tide Gauge Stations, All GPS/DORIS
located. (Global Coverage)
1250 Surface Drifting Buoys (Global Coverage)
Total Number of Observations In 1998.
3000 Argo Profiling Floats (Global Coverage)
Tropical Moored Buoys
Ships of Opportunity
Argo Profiling Floats
Tide Gauge Stations
Ocean Reference Stations
Surface Drifting Buoys
Dedicated Ships
Coastal Moored Buoys
note
note
note
11
GCOS OBSERVING NETWORKS

• TERRESTRIAL OBSERVATIONS
• Climate Components of
• Carbon Flux (FLUXnet)
• Hydrology (GTN-H) proposed
• Permafrost (GTN-P)
• Glaciers (GTN-G)
• Coral Reef Monitoring (e.g., Hotspot Monitoring)
• Coastal Observations (e.g., IOOS)
• Other Paleoclimate Proxies

12
Global Observing System Information Center
(GOSIC) http//gosic.org
13
The Pacific Regional Issues

• Unique fragile environments
• Home of El Nino
• Largest ocean in the world of economic
  importance to Pacific
• Island Countries
• Limited natural resources low economic
  diversification
• Geographic isolation of PICs
• Frequent natural disasters (eg. tropical
  cyclones, flooding, tsunamis)
• Susceptible to impacts of climate variability
  (eg ENSO) change
• (eg sea level rise)
• Lacking an ability to locate, catalogue
  disseminate information
• Desperate need for integrated
  marine/coastal/water management

14
Pacific Islands (PI) GCOS and GOOS
15
PI-GCOS Regional Action Plan
16
PI-GCOS Implementation

• Regional GCOS Implementation Plan Developed
  (Still in Draft)
• Prioritized list of 31 Projects in 5 Objective
  Areas
• Advocacy
• Sustaining Operational Observing Networks
• Managing and Exchanging Regional GCOS Data
• Accessing and Developing Products and Services
• Building Capacity for Long-Term PI-GCOS
  Sustainability
• Selected Projects With Identified Funding
• Regional GCOS Coordinator US
• Demonstration Project for GCOS NZ
• Expanding the Use of Climate Prediction BoM
• Maintenance Support US/NZ
• PacRain OU/PI Nations
• Pacific Data Portal Undertaken by the GOSIC
• Scope of the other 27 Pacific Island GCOS
  Projects is in the range of 24M (US) over the
  period from 2005 through 2009

17
PI-GCOS Web Site http//pi-gcos.org
18
US/NZ Bi-Lateral Climate Activities Related to
GCOS

• Bi-Lateral Climate Change Partnership signed July
  2003, updated in July 2004 and July 2005
• Proposed Flask Sampling From a Ship Plying The
  Western Pacific for CO2 Measurements in the
  Southern Ocean
• Stratospheric Water Vapor Profiles at Lauder,
  New Zealand
• Data Rescue of Pacific Islands Climate Data
• Improved climate monitoring systems for the
  Pacific (GCOS)
• Improved ocean climate observations for the
  Pacific (GOOS)
• Pacific Basin Information Forum new for 2005
  USGS and NOAA
• Dobson Spectrophotometer Measurements of
  Stratospheric Ozone
• Network for the Detection of Stratospheric
  Change (NDSC)
• Surface Ozone Measurement Project at South Pole

19
Additional US/NZ Trace Gas Flask Sampling
20
Additional US/NZ Trace Gas Flask Sampling
21
Additional US/NZ Trace Gas Flask Sampling
22
May 2004 Surface Winds
23
Additional US/NZ Trace Gas Flask Sampling

• Trace Gases
• CH4
• CO
• CO2
• SF6
• N2O

24
Additional US/NZ Trace Gas Flask Sampling
Methane Transport
Source Dave Lowe, NIWA
25
Additional US/NZ Trace Gas Flask Sampling New
Ship (First Sampling Voyage May 2006)
26
Trend of Water Vapor Over Boulder, CO (Begun in
Lauder, NZ in August 2004)
30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10
Altitude (km)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
5
Trend (/year)
27
Pacific Island Climate Data Rescue and
Digitization (PI-CLIDAT)

• Paper records of daily meteorological data from
  across the Pacific Islands Region, and resident
  at NIWA in Auckland
• NZ Lead is Jim Salinger from NIWA
• Completed in 2004
• Daily Data for Alofi, Niue digitized for the
  periods of 1905-1934 and 1960-1971
• In Progress for 2005
• Niue Daily data from 1935-1959 for Alofi
  station
• Kiribati 102 years of data from 5 stations
  (planning)
• Tokelau 19 years of data from 1 station
  (planning)
• Future Plans for 2006-2008
• Pitcairn Island 27 years of data from 1 station
• Samoa 12 years of data from 1 station
• Tonga 97 years of data from 3 stations
• Tuvalu 81 years of data from 3 stations
• Cook Islands 208 years of data from 6 stations

28
Data Preservation and Rescue
29
OBJECTIVE

• The objective is to compare the accuracy of the
  Tipping Bucket Raingauge with the SPaRCE
  Raingauges Others Tilting Siphon Manual
  Raingauge.

Tilting Siphon
Tipping Bucket
Manual Raingauge
SPaRCE
30
PI-GOOS Sponsored by IOC-UNESCO, NOAA, BoM,
SOPAC

• Established to confront challenges of the region
  via long-term ocean observations that provide
  baseline data for improved
• --Marine coastal water quality
• --Mariculture development
• --Coral reef health
• --Climate observations (partnering with PI-GCOS)
  
• --Capacity building
• --Research interests in the region
•  Responsive to the regional needs and assists in
  the
• --Protection of public health
• --Protection restoration of ecosystem health
• --Sustainable development management of
  natural resources
• --Promotion of economic development (e.g., Black
  Pearling)
• --Planning for efficient safe marine
  operations
• --Forecast mitigation of natural
  hazards/disasters (e.g.,TC storm surge
  forecasts)  

31
Pacific Region Data Initiative Vision

• PRIDE
• Pacific Region Integrated Data Enterprise
• Advance NOAAs mission objectives and meet
  critical regional needs for ocean, climate, and
  ecosystem information to protect lives and
  property, support economic development and
  enhance the resilience of Pacific Island
  communities in the face of changing environmental
  conditions.

32
PRIDE Process

• Thematic proposals process begun in FY05
• Advance One-NOAA Vision
• Coastal and Marine Ecosystems and Resources
• Climate Vulnerability and Adaptation
• Hazards and Risk Management
• Meet critical regional needs for ocean, climate,
  and ecosystem information to
• Protect lives and property,
• Support economic development
• Enhance the resilience of Pacific Island
  communities in the face of changing environmental
  conditions.
• Web site http//apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/PRIDE/

33
PRIDE Web Site http//apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/PRIDE
/
34
Coastal Inundation Waves Water Level
truly End to End
seismic/tsunami signal
site-specific water level signatures
10 m 1 m 10 cm 1 cm
MAGNITUDE
tides
waves
storms/surge
20 years
200 years
2 days
2 years
2 hours
2 weeks
20,000 years
2,000 years
2 months
FREQUENCY
35
Waves and Water Levels
End to End System Products and Services for End
Users
Observing Systems Data Management Modeling/Analysi
s Products/Tools Education and Training
Observing Systems - Data Mgmt Modeling/Analysis
Products/Tools Education/Training
HINDCAST NOWCAST FORECAST FUTURECAST
tide gauges wave buoys satellites radar,
video, ships, etc.
for emergency managers and forecasters tsunami
and storm surge warnings
real time near real time
for mitigation planners (e.g. for RVA) extreme
event summaries and mean sea level trends
delayed mode archived historic
36
Coastal Climatology Pilot

• Analyze patterns and trends of storm frequency
  and intensity in 3 areas
• Precipitation and Related Hydrology (David
  Levinson, NCDC)
• Wind Climatology (David Atkinson, Alaska
  Fairbanks)
• Water Levels, Near Shore Waves and Sea Ice (Steve
  Gill, NOS)
• Initial efforts will target a limited number of
• Geographic areas and climate regimes (e.g., North
  Pacific/Alaska Central Pacific/Hawaii West
  Pacific/Guam)
• Observation data sets (e.g., ISH, GHCN, CO-OPS,
  NWLON, NDBC)
• Types of Analyses (e.g., annual, seasonal,
  monthly event magnitudes, GEV, correlation to
  ENSO and PDO)
• Develop suite of decision support products

37
Coastal Inundation Erosion Scenarios
Observations, Models, Geophysical Properties
and Impacts
Temperature
Human Population Distribution Scenarios
Societal Infrastructure Coastal Scenarios
Permafrost
Bathymetry
Coastal Inundation Erosion Scenarios
Winds
Reanalysis Coupled Climate Models
Biochemical Impacts(Ecosystems)
Winds
Temperature
Sea Ice
Tides

• Ocean
• Volume
• Circulation
• Quantity

Temperature
Sea Level Change
RiverRun-off
Glaciers
Observations (75)
Models (25)
Land Mass Ocean Properties (20)
Human Impacts
Physical Impacts
Sea Level Change (12)
( in parentheses represents data sets which must
be integrated)
38
Background and Context of NOAA IDEA Center

• GEOSS and GCOS
• Emergence of Pacific IsIands GCOS (PI-GCOS)
• NOAA Support for PI-GCOS initiatives
• U.S. Climate Bilaterals (e.g., NZ and Australia)
  
• Interest in data integration and enhanced
  capabilities
• NOAA support for International Pacific Research
  Center (IPRC)
• NOAA budget development process
• Congressional language
• Pacific Region Integrated Data Enterprise (PRIDE)
  Working Group
• FY05 PRIDE Projects and emergence of the IDEA
  Center

39
Emerging Opportunities

• Support for regional observing systems
• PI-GCOS, PI-GOOS, PacIOOS
• Pacific Risk Management Ohana (PRiMO)
• Hazard-resilient communities
• Climate risk management a focus for interagency
  collaboration
• Pacific Climate Information System (PaCIS)
• PEAC Review and NWS Climate Services Division
  Guidance
• Integrated program of observations, forecasting,
  research assessment, data management and
  information services realization of a regional
  climate service
• One NOAA in the Pacific
• Pacific Regional Center coordinated approach to
  IT systems planning cross-NOAA support
• PaCIS as a possible One NOAA regional
  demonstration

40
The Opportunity

• Opportunity to integrate a variety of functions
  on a regional scale in a part of the world where
• Recent efforts in climate, coastal services and
  ocean observations reflect a One-NOAA approach
• There is a need to serve an area in which the
  U.S. has a direct, but shared interest
• There is great sensitivity to environmental
  factors such as rising sea level and tropical
  cyclones
• Enhanced integration of NOAA data and information
  management programs could help provide the
  expertise to address such factors
• There is strong Congressional interest and
  support

41
NOAA IDEA Center Conceptual Framework in the
Pacific
New NOAA Facility in Hawaii
Regional Obs GCOS/GOOS PacIOOS
Climate Bi-laterals Australia, NZ
IPRC Research Modeling
IDEA Center Integrated Applications Services
Climate Coastal Communities (e.g.,
Coastal Climatology)
Marine and Coastal
Hazard Risk Management
42
Initial IDEA Center Objectives

• Education and Outreach
• PacIOOS climate risk management as high
  priorities
• Technology and Systems Development
• PRC IT planning supporting NOAA-wide
  partnership in the Pacific
• IDEA Center IT needs analysis system design
  study
• Supporting Critical Partnerships
• NOAA, PRiMO, SPREP, SOPAC
• IDEA Center nodes (e.g., IPRC, PDC, NOAA offices)
• Pacific Climate Information System (PaCIS)
• Strategic Planning Program Development
• NOAA Budget Planning
• Contributions to NOAA-wide Priorities (e.g.,
  Climate)
• One NOAA demonstration project(s)

43
IDEA Center Vision of a Pacific Climate Fale
44
Contact Information
Howard J. Diamond, U.S. GCOS Program
Manager NOAA/NCDC NOAA IPRC and IDEA Center
Manager 1335 East-West Highway, Room 7214 Silver
Spring, MD 20910 E-mail howard.diamond_at_noaa.gov
Phone [phone] Fax
1-301-713-0819