The Next Air Monitoring Strategy: Linking Agencies, Disciplines, Media and Global Communities

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The Next Air Monitoring Strategy Linking
Agencies, Disciplines, Media and Global
Communitiesand the National Academy of Sciences,
accountability and world peace.

• Rich Scheffe, EPA Rudy Husar, Washington
  University Jim Szykeman, EPA, Fred Dimmick, EPA
  Steve Fine, NOAA, Steve Young, EPA

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How Encompassing?
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National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards Research
Triangle Park, NC December 2005
CENR/AQRS
http//aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov/
http//www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/monstratdoc.html
GEOSS
EMEP
http//www.al.noaa.gov/AQRS/ reports/monitoring.ht
ml
http//www.empa.ch/gaw/gawsis/
http//www.emep.int/
http//earthobservations.org/
NOAA CMDL
NOAA NESDIS
http//www.igospartners.org/
http//www.nesdis.noaa.gov/
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Sequence

• Context, rationale setting
• Examples
• Strategic elements

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Context Setting

• Charged by CASAC monitoring subcommittee that
  endorsed National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy
  (NAAMS), and recommended expansion to integrate
  across multiple organizations and disciplines
  (e.g., atmospheric research, ecosystems)
• Air Quality Research Subcommittee (AQRS) of the
  Committee for Environment Natural Resources
  (CENR) request to develop a broad inter-agency
  observation strategy

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Linking Themes(or air quality assessment future)

• Spatial scales
• Hemispherical-Continental-national/regional-urban-
  local global(1000km) synoptic (100km) meso
  10km)
• Increasing importance of Global and local (near
  roadway phenomena)
• Climate-AQ-long range transport interactions and
  C balances
• Multiple Media
• air land/soil water
• deposition, ecosystem and environmental welfare
  needs elevated
• Facilitates integration of observations
• CompositionMultiple pollutant
• chemical (compounds, aggregate groupings)
• physical (size distribution)
• Builds a MP assessment focus and links with
  transport and MM needs
• Time
• Current (forecasting, problem definition,
  strategy development basis)
• Retrospective
• Prospective

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Challenge How to accommodate global and local
scales?
Next AQ challenges Near Roadway and
International Transport
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Stars aligned?
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Example User Client Missions Apparent divergences?
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Or substantial convergence and optimization
potential?
Client Data Overlaps
Common data
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For instance,

• Health
• effects/outcomes associations (PHASE)
• Public health warnings/forecasting
• Air program support
• defining attainment/nonattainment areas
• (and projection, current practice)
• developing emission strategies
• accountability
• Environmental
• Ecosystem deposition assessments/support
• AQ trends in National Parks
• Regional haze assessments
• Atmospheric science
• Diagnosing emissions and models

Benefit from Air quality characterizations
And benefit even more from rich (t,s,c) AQ
characterizations
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Consequently

• A simple overarching goal or vision,
• Strive for maximum and efficient AQ
  characterization in time, space and compositional
  terms

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Examples
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National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards Research
Triangle Park, NC December 2005
CENR/AQRS
GEOSS
http//www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/monstratdoc.html
http//earthobservations.org/
EMEP
http//www.al.noaa.gov/AQRS/ reports/monitoring.ht
ml
http//www.empa.ch/gaw/gawsis/
http//www.emep.int/
NOAA CMDL
NOAA NESDIS
http//www.igospartners.org/
http//www.nesdis.noaa.gov/
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Coordinating Earth Observing Systems
Vantage Points
Capabilities
L1/HEO/GEO TDRSS Commercial Satellites
Far-Space
Permanent
LEO/MEO Commercial Satellites and Manned
Spacecraft
Near-Space
Airborne
Aircraft/Balloon Event Tracking and Campaigns
Deployable
Terrestrial
User Community
Forecasts Predictions
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Demonstrating the Power of Integrating Air
Quality Information through Partnerships
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Air Quality/Public Health NTO Integrated
Observed-Modeled Air Quality Fields
TERRA MODIS
AQUA MODIS
GEOS-12
1030 local overpass
130 local overpass
CONUS every 30 minutes
Products
Products
Aerosol Optical Depth (MOD04_L2)
Aerosol Optical Depth (GASP)
NASA GFSC Science Team
NASA GFSC DACC
NOAA NESDIS
NOAA NESDIS/ORA CREST Institutes
Products
Products
Algorithms/QA
Algorithms/QA
US EPA OAQPS/ORD/OEI RSI Gateway
? UMBC CREST Institute
US EPA AQS
Products
Products
Spatial surface Predictions Satellite/Model/Surfac
e Data Fusion
HHS CDC-EPHTN
REALM
SLAMS/NAMS SURACE PM2.5 Data
Continuous Vertical Resolution Data
EPA OAR ORD
NOAA NWS
State Local
Note Regional East Atmospheric Lidar Mesonet
(REALM) is university led federated network by
UMBC and is identified as a NTO in the
implementation plan.
Canadian Providences
State Public Health Departments
Products
Products
Products
CMAQ Assessment Data
CMAQ Forecast Data
Studies and Impacts to human health
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Future Air Quality Predictions Will Likely
Benefit from Assimilation of Satellite
Observations to provide Modeling Constraints and
Merging of Global and Regional Chemical Transport
Models
Public Impact
CMAQ Regional Prediction
Global Assimilation
Scientific Understanding
Satellite Data Products
Current research is being conducted with a
nested global- to regional-scale meteorological
and chemical modeling system for assimilating and
predicting the chemical state of the atmosphere
(air quality).
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We Take Advantage of the Strengths of Each Data
Type by Analyzing the Data Together
All of the data combined indicate that the
increased levels of fine particles measured on
July 21, 2004 in North Carolina were due to the
Alaskan fire event.
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Arithmetic injustice

• Greater than 95 of air pollutant mass is located
  above 100m, yet we focus 95 of our
  characterization on the bottom 10 meters
• compromises both predictive and current
  characterization phenomena

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Why is this important?

• Competing demands of representativeness (t,s,c)
  and truth require complimentary use of predictive
  and observational tools

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The Public Health Air Surveillance Evaluation
(PHASE) Project

• Collaboration between the US EPA and the Centers
  for Disease Control (CDC)
• Fusion application Develop and evaluate
  alternative air quality characterization methods
  for environmental public health tracking
• Air Pollutants
• Ozone and Particulate Matter
• Health Endpoints
• Asthma and Cardio Vascular Disease
• Working with 3 CDC State Partners
• Maine
• New York
• Wisconsin
• Much broader spin off applications

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Daily PM2.5 Concentration (ug/m3) Sept. 12, 2001
EPA FRM Monitoring Data and CMAQ
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Strategy Elements

• Inventory/cataloguing of what we have
• Existing strategies (NAAMS, IGACOS, GEOSS,)
• Existing networks/obs. systems
• How expansive?
• Stating objectives, goals questions
• Identification of integration drivers
• Identification of critical information gaps
• e.g., vertical profiles, rural sites
• Information technology solutions
• Roles of existing structures
• GEOSS, CENR, EPA/STAPPA/Tribal, ., CASAC, NPS
• AQ forecasting
• Implementation plan
• Recommendations
• Schedules
• roles

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Preliminary Suggestions

• Strengthen horizontal, ground based connections
• Work through CENR/AQRS to integrate across
  agencies and media?
• Start connecting ground and total column
• Build on NAAMS and IGACO structures
• Similarity in key species (Level 2)
• Enhance vertical profile resolution
• Integrating ground based lidars, sondes
• Routine aircraft (MOZAIC/IAGOS)
• Additional species?
• Develop data-model fusion protocols
• Build on PHASE success
• Incorporating routine AQ model forecasting
  results
• Advance to true chemical data assimilation
• Expand to International/hemispherical integration
• NARSTO to LRTAP?
• Common challenges and information sources
• Organize Information Technology infrastructure
• Deal with massive data quantities
• Facillitate access and interpretabilit

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Common parameters linking column totals and
surface measurements
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Issues

• Accommodating bottom up and top-down approaches
• E.g., importance of local scales for near roadway
  and HAPs related exposures and hemispherical
  scales for regional transport impacts
• Stovepipes..Breaking the single project, single
  agency focus
• Difficult to develop ownership of elements that
  enable substantial synergistic benefits for
  multiple clients
• IT support vertical chemical profiling, fusion
• Complexity due to enormous scope and numerous
  entities

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NAS, CAAAC CASAC, OMB
GEOSS
NOAA
PM research
EPA
NASA
Eco-informatic Test beds
PHASE
CDC
Organizations
Private Sector
NPS
AQ forecasting
Programs
Risk/exposure assessments
States/Tribes/RPOs Interstate orgs.
USDA
Accountability/ indicators
NAAQS setting
DOE
NARSTO
Coordination Cluster Mess
Enviros
SIPs, nat. rules designations
Academia
NADP
Satellite data
Intensive studies
IMPROVE, NCore PM monit, PAMS
PM centers
Supersites
Data sources
CASTNET
Health/mort. records
Other networks SEARCH, IADN..
Lidar systems
Emissions Meteorology
CMAQ GEOS-CHEM
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I think we need an IT solution to glue this mess
together
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Information Landscape Info System Data Access,
Processing and Products
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Or does the IT world create their own mess?

• Data Fed
• RSIG
• ESIP
• Federation Architecture
• AQS
• AIRNOW
• Data Mart
• Data Warehouse
• VIEWS

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Accountabiltyfor the AQ Manager
Is the air is cleaner and safer to breath? Can
an integrated monitoring-modeling approach
measure this?
Accountability as a program vehicle to
accommodate enhanced assessment change?
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Accountability and Indicators Pipeline
Source emissions Direct NO, SO2, VOC, CO,
metals,
Increasing influence in confounding factors and
perceived value to public policy
Ambient precursors and intermediates NO, NOy, CO,
VOC, SO2, metals, radicals, peroxides
Ambient target species O3, PM, HAPs
Secondary and deposition loads Visibility,
acidification, eutrophication, metals
Exposures Inhalation, digestion
Increasing confidence In characterization
Ecosystem effects Defoliation, Visibility ?
biodiversity, Metals concentration
Health effects Asthma, cardio-pulmonary
?, Cancer, death
Perceived (measured?) Life quality
Feedback/correction
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What it amounts to

• Communication, connectivity, synergism