Old Testament Types of Mary form the biblical basis for Catholic Marian beliefs.

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Old Testament Types of Mary form the biblical
basis for Catholic Marian beliefs.
the New testament lies hidden in the Old and the
Old testament is unveiled in the New (ccc 129)
The OT prepared the way for the NT

• Persons in the OT prefigured,
• foreshadowed, anticipated, and symbolized persons
  and events in the NT.

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Old Testament Types of Mary

• To fully understand the OT it must be read in
  terms of types
• (this is referred to as Typology)
• A type is an OT prophetic foreshadowing of its
  NT counterpart

OT persons and events are called types of the
NT persons and events they prefigure. Reading OT
scripture in a typological sense reveals many NT
doctrines, including Marys privileges, in the
OT
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Jn 314 Bronze serpent is Christ crucified
Mt 1240 Jonah is Christ in the tomb
The typological sense In OT persons and events,
we come to see doctrines that are made more
explicit in the NT gospel
1 Cor 104 The rock is Christ
Rm 514 Adam is a type of Christ
1 Pt 319-21 Flood is Baptism
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• In order to be sure of the typical sense,
• it must be revealed,
• it must come down to us through Scripture or
  Apostolic Tradition.
• Individual pious writers have developed copious
  analogies between certain data of the Old
  Testament and corresponding data of the New
  however ingenious these developments may be,
• they do not prove that God really intended to
  convey the corresponding truths in the inspired
  text of the Old Testament.

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• On the other hand,
• it must be kept in mind that not all truths
  contained in either Scripture or Tradition have
  been explicitly proposed to the faithful as
  matters of belief by the explicit definition of
  the Church.
• According to the principle
• "Lex orandi est lex credenti"
• we must treat at least with reverence the
  numberless suggestions contained in the official
  prayers and liturgies of the Church.
• In this sense we must regard many of the titles
  bestowed on Our Blessed Lady in her litany and in
  the Ave Maria Stella.

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• The Antiphons and Responses
• found in the Offices
• recited on the various feasts of
• Our Blessed Lady
• suggest a number of types of Mary
• that hardly could have been brought so vividly to
  the notice of the Churchs ministers in any other
  way.

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• The third antiphon of Lauds
• of the Feast of the Circumcision sees in
• "the bush that was not burnt"
• (Exodus 32)

a figure of Mary conceiving her Son without the
loss of her virginity.
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a type of Mary receiving in her womb the Word
Incarnate.

• The second antiphon of Lauds of the same Office
  sees in Gideons fleece wet with dew while all
  the ground beside had remained dry
• (Judges 637-38)

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• The Office of the Blessed Virgin applies to Mary
  many passages concerning the spouse in the
  Canticle of Canticles
• and also concerning Wisdom in the Book of
  Proverbs, 822-31.
• The application to Mary of a
• "garden enclosed,
• a fountain sealed up"
• in Canticles 412
• is only a particular instance of what has been
  said above.
• Sarah, Deborah, Judith, and Esther are variously
  used as figures of Mary.

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• The Ark of the Covenant,
• over which the presence of God manifested itself,
  is used as the figure of Mary carrying God
  Incarnate within her womb.

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• Eve, the mother of all the living
• (Genesis 320),
• is considered as a type of Mary
• who is the mother of all the living in the order
  of grace.

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• There are three major OT
• types of Mary
• Eve
• Ark of the Covenant
• Queen Mother
• These three types of Mary support all our
  Marian Beliefs.

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Mary as Second Eve
The early Church Fathers realized that individual
players in the Fall of man had NT counterparts

• The devil a fallen angel brought the words of
  death to Eve
• Eve our mother in the flesh, disobeyed God and
  cooperated greatly in Adams sin, which caused
  the fall of the human race

• The angel Gabriel brought the words of life to
  Mary
• Mary was Jesus mother and perfect disciple, who
  obeyed God and contributed greatly to Christs
  redemptive mission.

The Fathers made the obvious connection as
Christ is the new Adam (1 Cor 1545), Mary is the
new Eve.
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• After the fall Genesis 315 prophecies a woman
  and her son who will be at total enmity with the
  serpent and his descendents.
• The womans son will crush the serpents head.

Since the man who crushes the serpents head is
obviously Jesus, the woman must be Mary Genesis
315-17 Describes two teams The fall team Adam
and Eve The redemption team Jesus and Mary
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The early Church Fathers including St Justin and
St. Irenaeus were quick to realize this

• The human race fell through Adam but Eves role
  was crucial
• Jesus redeemed the human race but Marys role was
  likewise crucial.

Sacred Scripture continually shows Jesus and Mary
together in the pivotal events of salvation
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Mary as Second Eve

• Jesus and Mary Together Crush Satans head
• The OT describes women (types of Mary) who crush
  Israels enemies (types of Satan)

• Jdg 417-22 Jael drives a tent peg through the
  skull of the Canaanite general
• Jdg 950-55 describes a woman who drops a
  millstone on the head of tyrannical King
  Abimelech, fracturing his skull
• Judith 12-13 delivers the Jewish people from the
  Assyrian army by beheading its commander,
  Holofernes, with his own sword as he slept.

• Jdg 524 Sisera celebrates her Most blessed of
  women be Jael
• Judith 1318 Judiths heroism is celebrated with
  the words you areblessed by the Most High God
  above all women on earth and blesswed be the
  Lord Godwho had guided you to strile the head of
  the leader of our enemies.

The praises of Jael and Judith anticipate
Elizabeths praise of Mary Lk 142. Blessed are
you among women and blessed is the fruit of your
womb
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Mary as Second Eve

• Jesus definitively crushed Satans head on
  Calvary.
• Calvary (Golgotha) means skull-place.
• Satan intends to strike a lethal blow through the
  cross
• (you strike at his heel).
• Instead Satan suffered the mortal wound
• (he will strike at your head)
• Jesus destroyed the power of sin and death.
• Dying you destroyed our death
• rising you restored our life,
• Lord Jesus come in glory.

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Mary as Second Eve

• Mary was at Christs side on Calvary. Jesus
  refers to her not as mother but as woman the new
  Eve.
• Mary is the woman of Gn 315
• The woman of Jn 2 who launched Jesus ministry at
  Cana
• The woman at the foot of the cross in Jn 19
• And the woman of Rev 12 who fights against Satan
  with Jesus until the end.
• The new Adam and the New Eve are on the same
  victorious team.

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Mary as the New Ark of the Covenant

• The Ark was the holiest object in the OT
• It was sacred because it carried the stone
  tablets of the Law that God gave Moses on Mount
  Sinai
• God gave meticulous instructions for constructing
  the Ark (Ex 25)
• Made of indestructible acacia wood
• Plated inside and outside with pure gold
• Kept free from impurity and profanation
• God struck Uzziah dead because he dared to touch
  the Ark
• (2 Sam 66-7)

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Mary as the New Ark of the Covenant

• St. Ambrose details several ways in which the Ark
  is a type of Mary.
• (Ex 2633, 4020)

• The Ark contained the Tables of the Law
• The Ark bore the Law
• The Ark carried the written Word of God
• The Ark shown forth with the purest gold
• The gold which adorned the Ark was mined on earth

• Marys womb contained the author of the Law
• Mary bore the Gospel
• Mary gave us the living Word of God Jesus
• Mary shown forth inward and outward with the
  purity of virginity
• The gold which Mary shone forth was mined in
  heaven

This typology forms the basis for doctrines like
the Assumption which are not taught explicitly in
scripture but are taught implicitly through
typology.
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Mary as the NT Queen MotherThe OT kings clearly
prefigured Christ,the NT King of kings (Rev
1916)Jesus in his humanity descended from King
David
The Kings of Judah of Davids line especially
prefigured Jesus kingship the Lord God will
give him Jesus the throne of His father
David. (Lk 132) The wife of the king of Judah
was not the queen. The queen was the kings
mother (Queen Mother) She had great honor and
authority in the kingdom (1 Kings 219-20)
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Mary as the NT Queen Mother

• Solomon by honoring his mother established an
  institution that lasted 400 years, as long as the
  kings of Judah.
• The Queen mother served as the kings confidant
  and advisor.
• She had an official position
• she had to be deposed in order to be removed.
• (1 Kings 1513)
• The Jewish concept of a Davidic king would have
  naturally included the king on his throne with
  the queen mother at his right hand.

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• The Holy Spirit was preparing the way for Mary.
• Jesus, the NT Davidic King,
• does not have a wife.
• His mother would be the NT queen
• Rev 11-12 describes
• A woman gives birth to a son who will rule all
  the nations (125)
• Jesus is a new Solomon
• just as Solomon ruled over other kings
• (2 Chronicles 923-26)
• Jesus is the
• King of kings and Lord of lords
• (Rev 1916)
• Any king of the house of David would be expected
  to have a queen mother.

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Mary as the NT Queen MotherThe OT Kings clearly
prefigured Christ,The NT King of kings (Rev
1916)Jesus in his humanity descended from King
DavidThe Kings of Judah of Davids line
especially prefigured Jesus kingship

• the Lord God will give him Jesus the throne of
  His father David.
• (Lk 132)
• The wife of the king of Judah was not the queen.
• The queen was the kings mother (Queen Mother)

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Mary Mother of God
Many non-catholics believe that honoring Mary
takes away from the honor due Jesus This most
blessed of women, the mother of Jesus, is thus
made His chief rival and competitor for the
loyalty and devotion of the human
heart. (Lorraine Boettner, Presbyterian author
of Roman Catholicism)

• Mary and Jesus are not in competition, but are
  different members of the same team.
• Mary is the first and best Christian, who only
  leads us closer to her Son, Jesus.
• Marys privileges come exclusively from God and
  reflect His love and mercy.
• Marys role in salvation is taught from Genesis
  to Revelation and she is by Gods design, the
  spiritual mother of all Christians.