GISbased methods for assimilating highresolution satellite land surface data into regional climate m

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GIS-based methods for assimilating
high-resolution satellite land surface data into
regional climate models Cases studies and
strategies for future developments

• Jimmy O. Adegoke
• adegokej_at_umkc.edu
• Climate Analysis Modeling Laboratory
• Dept. Of Geosciences, University of Missouri-
  Kansas City (UMKC), Kansas City, MO

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Impact of Land Surface Heterogeneity
Schematic of the differences in surface heat
energy budget and planetary boundary layer over a
forest and cropland.
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The Motivation for this work

• Surface characteristics influence the transfer of
  thermal and moisture fluxes between the surface
  and the atmosphere within the PBL. Our
  understanding of these processes and the
  associated feedbacks is incomplete.
• Large scale anthropogenic land cover conversion
  has implications for short- to medium range
  weather prediction, by modifying the environment
  for thunderstorms thereby increasing CAPE and
  other measures of deep cumulus cloud activity.
  The potential to improve warm season weather
  prediction exists.

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Ongoing Research Initiatives

• Integrating multiple sensor, multi-scale
  satellite data with conventional Climate data
  (with Dr. Kevin Gallo NOAA/NESDIS)
• Development of land surface-related variables for
  use in coupled land-atmosphere models (with Dr.
  Kevin Gallo NOAA/NESDIS)
• Improving the representation of surface
  heterogeneity in the land-surface component of
  the Colorado State University Regional
  Atmospheric Modeling System-RAMS (with Dr. Roger
  Pielke Sr. RAMS Modeling Group)

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Scheme for Internet-based land surface
assimilation system for Regional Climate Models
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Pathfinder AVHRR NDVI dataset

• Monthly NDVI for North America at 8-km pixel
  scale August 1989

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Comparison of Leaf Area Index (LAI) Forcing
Default LAI in Inner (50 km) Grid
NDVI-derived LAI in Inner (50 km) Grid
Strong Differences in Magnitude Heterogeneity
of LAI
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Map of U.S. High Plains Aquifer
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Acreage of Rain fed Irrigated Corn Farming in
Nebraska (1950-1988)
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Nebraska Irrigation Modeling Project

• Complex changes in the lower atmosphere (PBL)
  and surface energy budget can result from
  large-scale land use changes of this magnitude
  (e.g., vapor flux ? CAPE)
• This study was designed to evaluate the changes
  in the summertime surface energy budget
  near-ground temperature due to irrigation in
  Nebraska using RAMS.

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a) Kuchler Potential Vegetation b) OGE Dry Run
c) OGE Current Irrigation Control Run
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RAMS Modeling Domain
Coarse Grid 40 km Fine Grid10 km Domain
Height 20km
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Summary of Model Results

• Significant inner domain area-averaged difference
  between the Control and Dry runs
• - 36 increase in surface latent heat flux
• - 15 decrease in surface sensible heat flux
• - 28 increase in water vapor flux at 500m
• - 2.6 oC elevation in dew point temperature
• - 1.2 oC decrease in near surface temperature

• Greater differences observed between the Control
  
• and Natural Vegetation runs e.g.,
• - Near ground temperature was 3.3 oC warmer
• surface sensible heat 25 higher in
  the Natural run.
• Adegoke et al., 2003 Monthly Weather
  Review, 13(3) 556-564

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Urban land use changes for the Washington
DC-Baltimore region

• Credit Baltimore Washington Regional
  Observatory

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Background

• Over the last 100-150 years, the Washington
  DC-Baltimore Urban Metropolitan area has
  developed into one the largest multi-city
  complexes in the United States
• The Washington DC urban core grew from less than
  50 sq miles to over 1200 sq miles in this period.
• Renewed interest in the impacts of urban-modified
  atmosphere on regional weather, air quality and
  ecosystem of the Chesapeake Bay Region e.g. NSF
  funded Baltimore LTER

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Research Objective

• This study evaluates the changes in the
  summertime surface energy budget convective
  rainfall parameters due to urban land cover
  change in Washington DC-Baltimore using the
  Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric
  Modeling System (RAMS).

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Research Design

• Two sensitivity experiments were conducted using
  two land cover scenarios as RAMS lower boundary
  conditions
• - The first scenario was based on 1992
  satellite-derived land cover estimate
  (1992-run or control)
• - The second scenario was the pre-1900 land
  cover constructed from various map
  sources (1900-run)

• Nested-Grid RAMS simulations were conducted for
• the month of July 2000 using identical
  observed
• meteorology for both experiments convection
  was
• explicitly resolved

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RAMS Grids
Coarse Grid 5 km Fine Grid1 km Domain
Height 20km
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Observed vs Model a) 2m Temp b) Dew Pt. Temp
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Urban Core Surface Sensible Heat Flux Control
Run and 1900 Run
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Urban Core Surface Latent Heat Flux Control Run
and 1900 Run
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Urban Core Total Convective Precipitation July
2000 Control Run 1900 Run Difference Field
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Scheme for Internet-based land surface
assimilation system for Regional Climate Models
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ArcIMS Architecture
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ArcIMS Architecture
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Wide Range of GIS Capabilities

• ArcIMS supports a variety of GIS capabilities via
  the Web, including image rendering, feature
  streaming, data extraction, geocoding, and the
  ability to perform both spatial and attribute
  queries on underlying data.